Flashcards
Week 3 Cardiovascular pharmacology
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Blood pressure regulationBP=CO X TPR
- 2Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsdrugs which end in pril
ACE= stops conversion of angiotensin 1- angiotensin 2, stops fluid retention, stops vasoconstriction, dilates bv - 3ACH inhibitor and nursingcontraindicated in renal failure, angioedema renal artery stenosis
monitor bp, renal function, K concentration - 4Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Adverse effectsCough most common
hypotension
hyperkalaemia
angioedema - 5What are risk factors of kidney impairment of ACE?interferring with RAAS system, as increase in renin levels, decrease in blood flow
- 6Angiotensin II receptor antagonistsends in sartan
similar to ACE except NO COUGH
used as second line drug
similar side effects to ACE expect cough and angioedema, as stops production of vasoconstrictor and aldosterone - 7Thiazide diuretics and nursingact on distal convoluted tubule
adverse affects:
POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
electrolyte disturbances
gout
contraindications: severe renal impairment - 8Thiazide diureticse.g. hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide
effects by: diuretic effect by acting on DCT, reduces BP, and vasodilatory effect - 9Calcuim channel blockers3 major classes
verapamil: centrally acting, reduce HR, contraction, cause constipation (do not use with beta blockers)
diltiazem: effects on HR and contraction
Dihydropyridines: nifedipine, amlodipine, lercanidipine
peripherally actin, can cause flushing, palpitations, edema.
uses: hypertension, IHD, tachyarrhythmias - 10Calcium channel blockers and nursingdiltiazem and verapamil rarely used unless for controlling heart rate
some have short half lives and are given as SUSTAINED RELEASE - 11Beta blockers usesends in lol
hypertension, reduce HR, IHD, CHF, rapid AF, essential tremor, migraine prophylaxis
act on cardiac tissue, reduce, CO, HR, renin release in kidneys - 12Beta blockers adverse effects and contraindicationsexacerbation of asthma, peripheral vasucular disease, bradycardia, heart block
contrainidications, acute asthma (as attach to beta 2 receptor in lungs and airways), hypotension, bradycardia - 13Heart failure definitionheart incapable of insufficient blood pumping for needs of tissues at usual filling pressure
symptoms: decrease co, dizziness, fatigue - 14ACE/ARB in heart failureincrease dose, until max tolerated dose to benefit pt
specific to hf
dose may be limited by:
hyprkalaemia, renal impairment, hypotension - 15Loop diureticsact on loop of henle in nephron
reduction of sodium reabsorption e.g. frudimide, reduce fluid volume, which reduces fluid overload and improves symptoms, NO EFFECT IN LONG TERM - 16Beta blockers in HFcontraindicated in acute HF, but demonstrated benefit in chronic HF.
- 17Loop diuretic advantages and adverse effectsAdvantages: rapid onset, relief of symptoms
adverse effects: polyuria, frequency, incontinence, postural hypotension, severe deafness if given IV too rapidly
aim is to reduce lowest dose necessary - 18Digoxindecreases HR
very low therapeutic index
adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, visual changes, cardiac arrhythmias
requires digoxin concentrations - 19Aldosterone antagonists mechanism and adverse effectsspirinolactone or epleronone
works on aldosterone receptor to reverse fluid retention, fibrosis, is k sparring
results in diurectic effect more gradual than loop diuretic
adverse effects: hyperkalaemia, dehydration, renal impairment, gynaecomastia - 20Sacubitril/valsaran- angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitornew drug
breaks down vasodilators by increasing blood flow
should be used within 36 hours of ACE inhibitors and ARNI
increase bradykini which results in increase in angioedema - 21Nitrates mechanism and adverse effectsnitric oxide
peripheral vasodilation= reduce cardiac work, decrease o2
dilate coronary arterioles= increase o2
adverse effects: hypotension, headache, tolerance ( need nitrate free period, 6-8 hrs as losses effect. - 22Angina drugsrelieve symptoms acutely
nitrates rapid onset
prevent symptoms
beta blockers, nitrates (long-acting), calcium channel blocers
reduce risk of IHD
anti-platelet, lipid lowering, ACE-I/ARB - 23Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers in anginabeta blockers and verapamil should be never combined (risk of heart block, HF, bradycardia)
beta blocker and diltiazem, should be combined with caution
usually dose titrated until symptoms resolved - 24Nitratesshort acting nitrates- GTN quick onset
given in acute chest pain, sublingual, spray, IV
long acting - isosorbide mononitrate, only works b/w 6-8 hrs of nitrate free period
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Week 3 Cardiovascular pharmacology, created by Deleted user on 08/10/2017.
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- Created by Elizabeth Then · Sep 9, 2017
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