11118043
Description
| Question | Answer |
| What are structured interviews? | -Research method preferred by positivists -A type of interview method -Quantitative method |
| Advantages of Structured Interviews (part 1) | -practical advantages: >training interviewers is relatively straightforward and inexpensive >surveys using structured interviews can cover a large number of people > suitable for gathering straightforward info (e.g. people's age or job) >easily quantifiable |
| Advantages of structured interviews (part 2) | -reliable: the fact that the interviewees are all asked the same questions means that we can compare their answers easily to identify similarities and differences. |
| Disadvantages of Structured interviews (Part 1) | -invalid: >structured interviews use close-ended questions that restricts interviewees to choosing from a limited number of pre-set answers (if multiple choice) >if none of the answers fit what the interviewee really wanted to say, the data collected will be invalid |
| Disadvantages of Structured interviews (Part 2) | >structured interviews give interviewers little freedom to explain questions or clarify misunderstandings >people may lie or exaggerate; false data -low response rate generally -inflexibility: unable to reflect the interviewees concerns and priorities |
| Disadvantages of Structured interviews (Part 3) | -Not preferred by interpretivists -feminist criticisms: Hilary Graham (1983) argues survey methods are patriarchal and give a distorted, invalid picture of womens' experience |
| Disadvantages of Structured interviews (Part 4) | >the researcher, not the female interviewee is in control >survey methods treat women as isolated individuals >they impose the researcher's categories on women |
| What are unstructured interviews? | -Research method preferred by interpretivists -A type of interview method -A qualitative method |
| Advantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 1) | -rapport and sensitivity: allows the interviewer to develop a relationship of trust and understanding with interviewee e.g. William Labov (1973) used structured interview to study language of Black American children. found they were "linguistically deprived". With unstructured he found they spoke freely and were competent speakers |
| Advantages of Unstructured interviews (part 2) | e.g. William Labov (1973) used structured interview to study language of Black American children. found they were "linguistically deprived". With unstructured he found they spoke freely and were competent speakers |
| Advantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 3) | - allows the interviewee more opportunity to speak about what they consider to be important -checking and understanding: if interviewee doesn't understand, the question can be explained. if interviewer is unsure what the interviewee means, follow up questions can be used to clarify |
| Advantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 4) | -flexibility: interviewer is not restricted to a fixed set of questions - exploring unfamiliar topics: they are open-ended and exploratory, making it easier to learn whilst going along |
| Disadvantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 1) | -practical problems: >time and sample size - take a long time to conduct limiting the number that can be carried out. this means the researcher will have a relatively small sample size |
| Disadvantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 2) | >Training: interviewer must be thoroughly trained; must have a background in sociology >good interpersonal skills so they can establish a good rapport with interviewees |
| Disadvantages of Unstructured interviews (Part 3) | -unrepresentative as there is a small sample being used. makes it difficult to make valid generalisations -not reliable because they are not standardised -difficult to quantify as they use mainly open-ended questions that cannot be pre-coded |
| Problems with interviews as a social interaction (Part 1) | -interviewer bias -status and power inequalities between the interviewee and interviewer (e.g. gender/age difference, ethnic inequalities) -cultural diffences may mean that interviewers cannot tell when they are being lied to |
| Problems with interviews as a social interaction (Part 2) | -The social desirability effect: people may seek approval or wish not to appear uninterested or ignorant -ethical issues: must gain inform consent, guarantee anonymity and make it clear that they can chose not to answer. May also risk psychological harm |
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