Flashcards
A2 Physics - Planning, Analysis and Evaluation
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Independent variableThe variable you change in order to see its relationship with the dependent variable
- 2Dependent variableThe variable that you measure in the experiment
- 3Control variableThe variables that must be kept constant throughout the experiment
- 4Tips for methods of data collectionDraw apparatus for measuring variables within the diagram
Mention detail regarding accuracy, method of collection, improvement in accuracy and detail on instrument usage - 5What graph to draw with a relationship of y = mx +cy against x
gradient m
y intercept c - 6What graph to draw with a relationship of y = ax^nlg g against lg x
gradient m
y intercept lg a - 7What graph to draw with a relationship of y = ae^kxln y against x
gradient k
y intercept ln a - 8Absolute uncertaintyWhere the uncertainty is a quantity
e.g. +- 0.1 mm - 9Percentage uncertaintyWhere the uncertainty is a percentage of the value
e.g. += 10% - 10Logarithmic uncertaintiesUse the smallest significant figure
Usually += 0.05 - 11Combining errorsWhen adding or subtracting, add the absolute error
When values are multiplied or divided, add the percentage errors
When values are powered, multiply percentage error with power - 12Tips for creating graphsDetermine gradient by drawing a triangle
Use large triangle - 13Signal generatorCan be used to produce a sound/voltage/current and can vary frequency settings on device
- 14MicrometreCan be used to measure small distances
- 15Vernier calipersCan be used to measure small distances
- 16Set squareCan be used to make sure apparatus is perpendicular
- 17MagnetsCan be used with metal objects or to create a magnetic field in experiments
- 18BalanceCan be used to weigh masses
- 19BuretteAccurately measuring the volume of a liquid
- 20Diffraction gratingCan be used to measure the wavelength of a monochromatic light source
- 21Measuring amplitude and period using a c.r.o.Calculate amplitude by finding height in terms of boxes on grid
Calculate period by counting boxes of grid occupied by full oscillation and multiply by time base setting - 22Measuring diameterRepeat measurements in different positions and average
- 23List of safety precautionsWear safety googles to protect eyes when heating liquids or handling stretched wire
Ensure apparatus stable & not easily knocked over by placing weights and working on a flat surface
Use a sand tray under heavy weights and make sure weights don't fall on your foot
Keep radioactive substances in a lead-lined container
To ensure surface is horizontal, use a spirit level - 24How to control sound varaiblePerform experiment in a quiet room
- 25How to control light experimentPerform experiment in a dark room
- 26U - tube (manometer)Measures pressure difference between two fluids
- 27Bourdon gaugeMeasuring pressure of a gas or liquid
- 28PumpCan be used to alter the pressure in a container
- 29Variable resistor (rheostat)Can be used to alter voltage/current supplied in a circuit or can be used to keep current constant
- 30LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)Resistance decreases with increasing light intensity
- 31PhotocellSensors that allow you to detect light - generate an e.m.f. when light is incident
- 32Safety precautions for electrical experimentsUse a protective resistor to reduce current
Switch off currents when not in use so that wires do not overheat
use micro ammeter and galvanometer for small voltages and currents
When using ammeter and voltmeter to measure resistance, a power supply is required - 33What types of current to produceLarge current to create a large magnetic field
Large current to produce measurable emf/voltage
Small current to reduce heating effect - 34Hall ProbeUsed to measure magnetic fields
- 35How to use hall probeKeep Hall Probe at right angles to magnetic field by fixing it to a rule
Calibrate Hall Probe to known magnetic field
Repeat experiment with Hall probe reversed and average
In magnetic experiments, avoid external alternative magnetic fields - 36How to measure velocity using a light gateMeasure distance between light gates
Connect light gates to time loggers
Calculate time between travelling using data from loggers - time difference between when the first and second beam are broken - 37Details of falling bodies and oscillations experimentFor experiments with light weights or wind, close windows & switch off air conditioning to avoid drafts
For measuring time period of oscillations, find time for oscillations and then divide
Use fiducial markers to time oscillating objects
To measure quantities in an experiment with fast motions, record experiment with a video camera and playback in slow motion
In an experiment with object being dropped, make sure object released with no/constant velocity. Can use electromagnets or a spring loaded device
For falling objects, use a guide to keep motion in correct direction
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- AS level Physics Flashcards on A2 Physics - Planning, Analysis and Evaluation, created by Sean Byrne on 14/02/2018.
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- Sean Byrne
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