Flashcards
Medicines and Pharmacology - Absite
Cards in this deck (63)
- 1What type of drugs can have CSF absorption?restricted to nonionized, lipid soluble drugs
- 2Albumin effects on medicationbinds drugs
PCN and Warfarin 90% bound - 3Sulfonamides effect on bilirubinwill displace unconjugated bilirubin from albumin in newborns (therefore avoid in newborns or they can develop kernicterus)
- 4Where are tetracycline and heavy metals stored?stored in bone
- 50 order kineticsconstant amount of drug is eliminated regardless of dose
- 61st order kineticsdrug eliminated proportional to dose
- 7# of half-lives for drug to reach steady state5
- 8What is Volume of Distribution?amount of drug in body divided by amount of drug in plasma or blood
the higher the number, higher conc in extravascular compartment - 9What is bioavailability?fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
assumed to be 100% in IV drugs - 10ED50Drug level at which desired effect occurs in 50% of patients
- 11LD50drug level at which death occurs in 50% of patients
- 12What is Tolerance?decline in potency with continued use
- 13What is Tachyphylaxis?Tolerance of a drug only after a few doses
- 14What is Potency?dose required for effect
- 15What is efficacy?ability to achieve result without untoward effect
- 16Phase I Drug metabolismdemethylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis reactions
mixed function oxidases, requires NADPH/oxygen - 17Phase II Drug MetabolismGlucuronic acid and sulfates attached (forms water-soluble metabolite)
usually inactive and ready for excretion, deconjugation in intestines - 18Inhibitors of P450cimetidine, isoniazid, ketoconazole, erythromycin, Cipro, Flagyl, allopurinol, verapamil, amiodarone, MAO-I, disulfiram
- 19Inducers of P450cruciform vegetables, ETOH, cigarette smoke, phenobarbital, barbituates, Dilantin, Theophylline, Warfarin
- 20What are Polar Drugs?Ionized
water soluble
more likely to eliminated unaltered - 21What are nonpolar drugs?non-ionized, fat soluble
more likely to be metabolized before excretion - 22Causes of Goutcaused by uric acid build-up
negatively birefringent crystals
end product of purine metabolism - 23Podagragout that affects the big toe
1st MTP joint space
50% of gout cases - 24Colchicineanti-inflammatory
binds tubulin and inhibits migration (chemotaxis) of WBCs
for gout - 25IndomethacinNSAID; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor
for Gout - 26Allopurinolxanthine oxidase inhibitor
blocks uric acid formation from xanthine
for Gout - 27ProbenecidIncreases Renal Secretion of Uric Acid
Treats gout - 28Cholestyraminebinds bile acids in gut
forces body to resynthesize bile acids from cholesterol. thereby lowering body cholesterol; can bind vitamin K - 29HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors side effectsStatins
can cause liver dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis - 30MoA of Niacin side effect and its treatmentinhibits cholesterol synthesis
can cause flushing
Tx with ASA - 31MetoclopramideReglan, prokinetic
inhibits dopamine receptors
can increase gastric acid and gut motility - 32Alvimopanprokinetic
antagonist to mu-opioid receptor
for post-op ileus - 33Loperamideslows gut motility
agonist to mu-receptors - 34LomotilDiphenoxylate/Atropine
slows gut; agonist to opioid receptors - 35Promethazine & s/ePhenergan, antiemetic
inhibits dopamine receptors
s/e: tardive dyskinesia (tx w/ benadryl) - 36OndansetronZofran, antiemetic
central acting serotonin receptor inhibitor - 37OmeprazolePPI
Blocks H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells - 38Cimetidine/RanitidineHistamine H2 receptor blockers
decrease acid in stomach - 39MoA Octreotidelong-acting somatostatin analogue, decreased gut secretions
- 40Digoxin MoA and effect on heartInhibits Na/K ATPase and increases myocardial calcium
Slows AV conduction, Inotrope
decreased blood flow to intestines - 41Side effects of Digoxinmay cause mesenteric ischemia
vision changes (yellow hue)
arrhythmias, fatigue
worse if HypoK - 42Amiodarone use and side effectsgood for acute atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
s/e: pulmonary fibrosis, hypo- hyperthyroidism, Blue Man, peripheral neuropathy, hepatic dysfxn - 43Used to treat Torsades de pointesMagnesium
- 44Adenosine Usetreatment of stable narrow-complex SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia)
- 45Best single agent shown to improve survival in patients with CHFACE inhibitors
- 46Medication that may reduce risk of MI and atrial fibrillation postoperativelybeta-blockers
- 47Best single agent to improve survival after MIBeta-blockers
- 48Atropine MoA and effectAcetylcholine Antagonist
increases HR - 49Metyrapone & Aminoglutethimide MoA and when to use itinhibit adrenal steroid synthesis
in patients with adrenocortical CA - 50Leuprolide MoA and useAnalogue of GnRH and LHRH
inhibits release of LH and FSH from pituitary when given continuously (paradoxic effect)
for metastatic prostate cancer - 51Tamsulosin (Flomax)alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist used for BPH
- 52Nonselective COX inhibitors What are they? What do they do?indomethacin, ibuprofen
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and decreases mucus and HCO3 secretion, increases acid production
constricts renal afferent arterioles - 53Selective COX2 Inhibitors what is it? MoACelecoxib
only binds inducible cyclooxygenase 2
fewer GI side effects
increased risk for cardiovascular events - 54What is Misoprostol? who to use it in?PGE1 derivative
protective prostaglandin used to prevent peptic ulcer disease
consider use in patients on chronic NSAIDs - 55Haldol MoA and s/eantipsychotic
inhibits dopamine receptors
can cause extrapyramidal effects
(tx with benadryl) - 56Side effects of Furosemidemetabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, ototoxicity
- 57MoA and side effects of spironolactoneinhibits aldosterone
s/e: overdiuresis, hyperK, metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia - 58Infliximad (Remicade) MoA, Use, Side effectsantibody to TNF-alpha
For IBD
Risk of TB activation
can develop CHF - 59ASA poisoningtinnitus, HAs, nausea and vomiting
1st: respiratory alkalosis
2nd: metabolic acidosis - 60Side effects of GadoliniumNausea
can cause acute renal failure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis - 61MC side effect of Iodine contrastNausea
- 62MC side effect requiring medical treatment that occurs with iodine contrastdyspnea
- 63Treatment for Tylenol OverdoseN-acetylcysteine
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- Surgery - Absite Review Flashcards on Medicines and Pharmacology - Absite, created by Jennifer Huber on 04/06/2018.
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