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PRAXIS II: READING/LANGUAGE ARTS REVIEW

jagwife94 English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 62 cards

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  1. 1READING/LANGUAGE ARTS REVIEW*NARRATIVE
    *NONFICTION
    *POETRY
    *RESOURCE &
    RESEARCH MATERIAL
  2. 2NARRATIVEA type of literature that tells a story. Narratives are associated with fictional writing, which means that the story is invented, with made-up characters & an imaginary plot.
    Examples of different types of narratives:
  3. 3ADVENTUREFiction provides a great deal of action (often violent). A fictional military-based narrative may be considered adventure fiction.
  4. 4A FABLEIs a story that uses animals or plants to provide a moral lesson. The animals, which can include mythical creatures, are anthropomorphized, meaning that they have human characteristics.
  5. 5FANTASYFiction involves an invented world, such as J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth in the Lord of the Rings series
  6. 6A FOLK TALEA traditional story that can date back many centuries. Many folk tales were originally passed down orally.
  7. 7HISTORICAL FICTIONIncludes fictional stories based around historical events. A made-up love story that occurs during the Civil War or on the Titanic would be representative of historical fiction.
  8. 8A LEGENDIs a story that, while based on a supposed event in human history, is most likely a fictional tale. Legends do not contain unbelievable events, such as magic, but that does not mean they should be believed.
  9. 9A MYTHIs like a fairy tale, but instead of including magical elements such as fairies, it usually includes a god or hero to explain a phenomenon.
  10. 10MYSTERYFiction involves stories where the characters attempt to find information. The discovery occurs at the climax of the book. Detective mysteries are the most common type of mystery books.
  11. 11A NOVELIs a lengthy narrative that only includes fictional context. The novel is usually considerably longer than other types of narratives.
  12. 12A PLAYIs a type of literature that is intended to be interpreted on the stage by actors. Examples of literary plays include comedies and tragedies written by William Shakespeare. Plays may be acted out as "story theater" for children, or even as "puppetry".
  13. 13SCIENCE FICTIONIs a type of a narrative that takes place in the future. As a result, the setting plays a large role, as do the science and technology of the future.
  14. 14A SHORT STORYHas the same structure as a novel but is much shorter, as its name suggests.
  15. 15SEVEN (7) MAJOR ELEMENTS OF A STORY*PLOT
    *CHARACTERS
    *SETTING
    *TONE
    *POINT OF VIEW
    *PERSPECTIVE
    *ORGANIZATION
    *THEME
  16. 16PLOTRefers to the series of events in a story - the order in which the action take place. A story's plot always revolves around some kind of "conflict". The conflict may be between two characters, between the main character and an idea or force, or between the character and him - or herself.
  17. 17PLOT: FIVE-PART "PYRAMID" PATTERNTHOUGH THE PYRAMID SHOULD BE LOPSIDED, SINCE THE CLIMAX TYPICALLY OCCURS NEAR THE END OF THE STORY.
  18. 181. EXPOSITIONIntroduces readers to the people, places, and basic circumstances or situation of the story.
  19. 192. COMPLICATION(Sometimes referred to as "rising action") is the series of events that complicate the story and build up to the climax.
  20. 203. CLIMAXIs the high point of the story, the moment of greatest tension (the peak of the pyramid). This is often the turning point of the story, when a character must make a difficult decision or take some kind of action.
  21. 214. FALLING ACTIONOccurs when the missing pieces of the puzzle are filled in (for example, secrets are revealed, mysteries solved, confessions made). The story settles down.
  22. 225. RESOLUTION or DENOUEMENTIs the conclusion of the story, in which conflicts are resolved (at least to some degree), questions are answered, and characters are set to move on with a new understanding or under new circumstances.
  23. 23CHARACTERSAre the people created by the author to tell the story. They perform the actions, speak the words, and convey the ideas of the story. As readers, we see what the characters think, do, and say, and we try to understand why they think, do, and say these things.
  24. 24ROUND CHARACTERSAre fully developed, complex, three-dimensional creatures. They are dynamic characters who embody contradictions and undergo change or growth of some sort throughout the story.
  25. 25FLAT CHARACTERSAre one-dimensional, undeveloped, and static. They are typically defined by one main characteristic and do not change. They are often stereotypes or symbolic.
  26. 26PROTAGONISTIs the hero or main character of the story, the one who faces the conflict and undergoes change.
  27. 27ANTAGONISTIs the person, force, or idea that works against the protagonist.
  28. 28SETTINGIs the time and place in which the story unfolds. This gives the story a particular social and historical context. What was happening in the world at the time? The setting of a narrative can be described through details of not only the visual scenery but also the smells and sounds, among other things.
  29. 29TONEIs the mood or the attitude conveyed in the writing.
  30. 30SITUATIONAL IRONY (TONE)Occurs when there incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs.
  31. 31POINT OF VIEW / PERSPECTIVERefers to the person who is telling us the story.
  32. 32NARRATOR (POV)THE PERSON WHO DESCRIBES THE CHARACTERS AND EVENTS.
  33. 33A FIRST PERSON NARRATORTells the story from his or her own point of view using "I"
  34. 34SECOND-PERSON POINT OF VIEWThe writer uses the pronoun "you", and thus the reader because a character in the story, thinking the thoughts and performing the actions of the main character.
  35. 35THIRD-PERSON NARRATORThe author uses the pronouns, he, she, and they to tell the story. This narrator is removed from the action, so the story is more objective.
  36. 36PERSPECTIVECan be considered the narrator's attitude throughout the story.
  37. 37THEMEYou have to evaluate the whole and consider the questions the story has raised, the points it has made, and the positions it has taken.
  38. 38NONFICTIONLiterature is defined by a truth-based recount of actual events. Nonfiction texts deal with real people and real events.
  39. 39ESSAYSDifferent types
  40. 40DESCRIPTIVEDescribing a person, place, or thing
  41. 41NARRATIVETelling a story or describing an event
  42. 42EXPOSITORYExploring and explaining an idea or position
  43. 43PERSUASIVEArguing a specific point of view
  44. 44AUTOBIOGRAPHY OR MEMOIRThe author will - very subjectively, of course - tell the story of his or her life. The difference between autobiographies and memoirs is that memoirs tend to be less comprehensive and more exploratory - they will cover less ground and spend more time examining the impact of people and events.
  45. 45JOURNAL WRITING OR JOURNALINGIs a personal type of writing that requires a student to writ down his or her thoughts with a degree of regular frequency.
  46. 46INFERENCES / CONCLUSIONSDraw a logical conclusion, about what you read.
  47. 47MAIN IDEA / PRIMARY PURPOSEWhen the writer is describing an experience in a nonfiction text, he or she has a reason for telling that story, and that reason - why the writer thinks the story is important enough to tell - is the main idea
  48. 48PURPOSEIn a nonfiction text, it may vary. It may simply be to inform the reader of some knowledge or to analyze some data, but it may be more biased than that.
  49. 49POETRYIs often easy to recognize but not as easy to define. Poems are usually short, and often rhyme, but not always.
  50. 50EMOTIVE POEMAims to capture a mood or emotion and to make readers feel that mood or emotion.
  51. 51LYRICAL POEMSShort, emotional poems that are perusal from a single speaker.
  52. 52IMAGISTIC POEMSAims to capture a moment and help us experience that moment sensually (through our senses).
  53. 53NARRATIVE POEMSTell Stories
  54. 54ARGUMENTATIVE POEMSExplore an idea (such as love or valor).
  55. 55ELEGYIs a poem that laments the loss of someone or something.
  56. 56ODEIs a poem that celebrates a person, place, thing, or event.
  57. 57ELEMENTS OF SOUNDAlthough not all poems use rhyme, this is the most recognized element of sound in poetry.
  58. 58RHYMEIs the repetition of identical or similar stressed sounds at the end of a word.
  59. 59EXACT RHYMESShare the same last syllables (the last consonant and vowel combination). Examples: cat, hat; laugh, staff; refine, divine.
  60. 60HALF-RHYMESShare only the final consonant (s). Ex: cat, hot; adamant, government.
  61. 61EYE RHYMESLook like a rhyme because the word endings are spelled the same, but the words don't sound the same. Ex: bough, through; enough, through.
  62. 62ALLITERATIONThe repetition of sounds. The sound is most found at the beginning of words but can also be found throughout words. Ex: the words pitter patter use alliteration at the beginning (repetition of the p sound).

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Flashcards on PRAXIS II: READING/LANGUAGE ARTS REVIEW, created by jagwife94 on 09/01/2015.
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