Flashcards
Chemistry 20 -Units 1-2 Chapter 1
Cards in this deck (48)
- 1ScienceStudy of the natural and technological world with the goal of describing, explaining, and predicting, substances and changes
- 2TechnologyThe skills, processes, and equipment, required to manufacture useful products or to perform certain tasks
- 3ChemistryThe physical science that deals with composition, properties, and changes in matter; the study of chemicals and their reactions, associated technologies, abs environmental effects
- 4Observationa direct form of knowledge obtained by means of the five senses-or with aid of an instrument.
- 5InterpretationAn indirect form of knowledge that builds upon a concept or an experience to further describe an observation
- 6Empirical Knowledgeknowledge gained through observation
- 7Theoretical knowledgeKnowledge that explains and describes scientific observations in terms of non-observable
- 8Empirical hypothesisA preliminary generalization, regarding observable properties, that requires further testing
- 9empirical definitiona statement that defines an object or a process in terms of observable properties
- 10generalizationa statement that summarizes a limited number of empirical results
- 11Scientific LawA major empirical concept that is based on a large body of empirical knowledge.
- 12Law of Conservation Of Mass"in any physical or chemical change, the total initial mass of reactants(s) is equal to the total final mass of product(s)
- 13Matteranything that has mass and occupies space; may be a pure substance or a mixture
- 14pure substancematter whose composition is constant and uniform; composed of only one kind of chemical
- 15MixtureMatter whose composition includes two or more substances and may or may not be uniform throughout the sample
(homogenous or heterogenous) - 16Heterogenous Mixturea mixture that is non-uniform and may consist of more than one phase
- 17Homogenous mixturea mixture that is uniform and consists of only one phase ( a solution)
- 18elementA pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by any physical or chemical means; consists of only one kind of atom
- 19entitya general term that includes atoms, ions, and molecules
- 20atomthe smallest entity of an element that is still characteristic of that element
- 21compunda pure substance that can be separated into its elements by heat or electricity; a substance containing atoms/ions of more than one element in a definite fixed portion
- 22chemical formulaa series of symbols representing the atoms/ions, and their proportions, present in a pure substance
- 23periodic Lawthe observation that chemical and physical properties of elements repeat themselves at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
- 24family/groupa set of elements with similar chemical properties; the elements in a vertical column in the main part of the periodic table; also called a group
- 25perioda horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose properties of elements repeat themselves at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
- 26semi-metala class of elements hat are distributed along the "staircase line" in the periodic table; also called metalloids
- 27Standard ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP)25C and 100kPa
- 28Metalan element that is shiny, bendable, and a good conductor of electricity
- 29non-metalan element that is not shiny, not bendable, and generally not a good conductor of electricity
- 30alkali metala soft, silver- coloured metal that reacts violently with water;group one
- 31alkaline earth metala light, reactive metal that forms an oxide coating when exposed to air; group 2
- 32halogena reactive non-metal element from group 17
- 33noble gasa very unreactive gaseous element from group 18; an element with a full shell of valence electrons
- 34main group elementan element in groups 1,2 or 12-18, best follows the periodic law
- 35transition elementan element in groups 3 to 11
- 36theoretical hypothesisa theoretical concept that is untested or extremely tentative
- 37theoretical definitiona general statement that characterizes the nature of a substance or a process in terms of non-observables
- 38theorya concept or set of ideas that explains a large number observations in terms of non-observables
- 39mass numberthe sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom or monatomic ion
- 40atomic numberthe characteristic number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a particular element
- 41ionan entity with a net positive or negative electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
- 42polyatomic iona group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge on the whole group
- 43formula unitthe simplest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
- 44empirical formulathe experimentally determined simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or ions in a compound
- 45hydratea pure substance that decomposes at a relatively low temperature to produce water and another substance; a substance containing loosely bonded water molecules
- 46moleculean entity consisting of a group of nonmetal atoms held together by covalent bonds
- 47molecular formulaa group of chemical symbols indicating the type and number of non-metal atoms in a single molecule
- 48diatomic moleculea molecule containing two atoms