Flashcards
Russia 1914 - 1918 : War to Civil War
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1What were the key problems faced by the Russian army on the front line during WWI?-Poor quality of leadership
-Lack of supplies due to failure in distribution
-Wounded soldiers not being treated effectively
- Huge losses - 2When did the Duma reassemble and why?July 1915 - due to Russia's early poor performance in the war
- 3What effect did the war have on the home front of Russia?- The Economy could not cope
- Lack of supplies in the cities due to the railway failure
- Low grain prices led to peasants not selling their grain leading to food shortages
- Fuel shortages
- Increasing strikes - 4How did the Tsar's incompetence show during the war?- His government couldn't supply the home front or the front line
- The Zemstva's began to organise to fill the gaps in medical care
- He would not work with the Progressive Bloc
- He took control of the army leaving the Tsarina and Rasputin in charge - 5What problems did the Tsarina and Rasputin cause?- Governmental instability due to frequent changes in ministers
- All classes were disillusioned including the nobility
- Tsarina and Rasputin's alleged affair undermined the Tsar - 6What was the situation in Russian cities by February 1917?- The cost of living had risen by 300%
- Increased strikes
- Bread rationing caused riots
- The Women were the first to protest, taunting the men to join them - 7What did the people want in February 1917?- An end to the war
- Bread
-Political change - though no party was leading the revolt - 8What finally brought an end to the Tsar?- The Tsar had ordered his men to fire on the protestors - led to the mutiny of the Petrograd Soviet
- The Tsar dismissed the Duma
- The Army High Command gave him no choice when they refused to follow any more orders - 9What policies weakened the Provisional Government?- The decision to continue the war - and offensively
- They failed to legitimise the peasant take over of land - therefore food supplies stayed low in the cities
- They refused to give minority nationalities autonomy
-They failed to reform the economy - 10What mistakes did Kerensky make?- Launched the June Offensive which was a failure
-Kornilov Affair left him discredited
-He underestimated the Bolsheviks and armed them during the Kornilov Affair
_ Tried moving the army against them in October therefore forcing the Revolution. - 11What were the key issues with the nature of the Provisional Government?- Dual Authority and Order Number 1 restricted their power.
It considered itself to be a temporary body and therefore they were reluctant to make binding decisions
- Divided between Socialists and Liberals
-Moderate Socialists lost the support of the workers and the peasants - 12What strengths did the Bolsheviks have?- Policy of land redistribution gained peasant support
-Lenin and his leadership - April Theses
-Trotsky and his organisation skills
- Not associated with the PG
-Support was high in the revolutionary centres of Petrograd and Moscow - 13What evidence would suggest that the October Revolution was a popular revolution?- Bolsheviks were the only ones that offered an alternative to the PG
-Upturn in peasant unrest - they were willing to support the Bolsheviks
- Bolsheviks did well in the cities in the Constituent Assembly elections - 14How did the Bolsheviks stay in power in the first few months?- Closed the Constituent Assembly by force
- Set up the Cheka to deal with opposition
- Closed down opposition newspapers
- Waged class warfare
- Concessions to the workers e.g. worker control
- Signed the Peace Treaty - Brest Litovsk - 15Why did Civil War break out in 1918?- Bolsheviks had seized power and still had a lot of opposition
- the signing of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk angered the nationalists
- The closing of the Constituent Assembly had angered the political opposition e.g. SRs
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- Flashcards on Russia 1914 - 1918 : War to Civil War, created by Zoe Emmett on 29/04/2015.
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- Zoe Emmett
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