Flashcards
Morphemes and word formation: prefixes, suffixes, compounding
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1morphemeDefined as the smallest linguistic unit that has meaning. Let’s start with the word approach and change it to un/approach/able. The new word unapproachable has 3.
- 2prefixpart of a word that comes before the base. So, the prefix here is un. Prefixes add to or alter the base word in some way. The prefix un means not or opposite of.
- 3base or stembase or stem is approach - The base is the part of a word to which prefixes and suffixes are attached to make new forms.
- 4suffixpart of a word that comes after the base. So, the suffix here is able. When we add a suffix, we make a new word out of the base. A suffix often changes the base word from one-word class (part of speech) to another.
- 5affixationmeans the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes.
- 6compoundingCompound words are typically formed by combining two lexical items. These items can be two nouns, or a noun and a verb, or a gerund and a noun. (A gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun, e.g. Smoking
- 7compounding exampleThe resulting compounding can be in the form of a single word, as in the following examples: bookcase; lifeguard; baseball. We can also create one word out of two separate, sometimes hyphenated words, as in the following examples: follow-up; white-collar.
- 8SynonymsA synonym is a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language. Synonyms can be any part of speech, but the words used as synonyms must belong to the same part of speech.
preposition: on and upon
verb: buy and purchase - 9AntonymsThese are items that mean the opposite; rich is an antonym of poor.
- 10HyponymsThese are items that serve as specific examples of a general concept. Dog, cat, and donkey are hyponyms of animal. Potatoes, carrots, and onions are hyponyms of vegetable.
- 11Phrasal VerbsPhrasal verbs are a VERY significant feature of the English language and are very challenging for learners. Sentences such as I put it down to the weather don't make sense.
- 12Compose Phrasal verbsa verb,
a preposition/adverb, or both, added - 13Method for teaching Phrasal VerbsThe key: Think of an everyday context and topic that applies to all of them. Ask yourself: What do all my students do to some degree?
- 14Sandwich example to teach phrasal verbYou would explain, get them to repeat the sound, write what’s necessary on the board and handle queries. The students could role-play a simple scenario of making a sandwich explaining to each other what they are doing. You could also reinforce these by, a gap-fill exercise or a short essay on ‘How to Make the Perfect Sandwich'.
- 15IdiomsThese are a series of fixed lexical items that have their own figurative meaning which is different from their literal component elements. A phrase (a group of words), where the words joined together have a different meaning from the dictionary definitions of the individual words.
- 16CollocationsThis is an arrangement of two or more words or other elements, especially those that commonly co-occur i.e. dead serious.
- 17FormRefers to the visible and audible parts of vocabulary and functional expressions. This includes the words in a phrase, spelling, phonemes, syllable stress, prefixes or suffixes, word order (syntax), the choice of noun/verb, etc. for a particular place in a sentence, and punctuation.
- 18Meaningthe literal meaning (the usual or most basic sense) of the word(s) or phrase or functional expression or grammar structure
the meaning in the context (situation) it's being used? - 19UseThis is how the grammar or vocabulary gets used. The word(s) or phrase or functional expression or grammar structure we choose to use are determined by the situation (context) we are in and what we want to communicate to our listener(s). Use is interconnected with meaning.
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- TESOL Understand Key Language Elements Flashcards on Untitled, created by Shannon McCall on 01/02/2021.
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