Flashcards
VN03 REVISION VETSKILL HE
Cards in this deck (90)
- 1FLUTDfeline lower urinary tract disease
- 2NDRNot doing right
- 3NAD / NAFNothing abnormal found
- 4PRNgive as needed
- 5UAUrinalysis
- 6QHevery hour
- 7QDevery day
- 8HSat bed time
- 9pale MM indicates...Circulatory collapse, haemorrhage, anaemia (low blood cells).
- 10blue/purple MM indicates...cyanosis - lack of oxygen
- 11yellow MM indicates...jaundice, e.g. due to liver disease, bile flow obstruction, increased destruction of RBCs and circulating bilirubin
- 12brown MM indicates...paracetamol poisoning
- 13cherry-red MM indicates...carbon monoxide poisoning
- 14petechiae/round purple spots on MM indicates...clotting disorder e.g. due to rodenticide poisoning
- 15prolonged CRT could be due to... (4 answers)hypovolaemia, dehydration, heart disease and shock
- 16rapid CRT could be due to... (2 answers)sepsis and fever
- 17dog pulse rate60-180bpm depending on size
- 18cat pulse rate110-180bpm
- 19rabbit pulse rate130-325bpm
- 20guinea pig pulse rate250bpm
- 21Auscultationlistening for sounds in the heart, lungs, and abdomen. stethoscope used
- 22Sinus arrhythmiaPulse increases on inspiration and decreases on expiration (normal)
- 23Pulse deficitpulse rate lower than heart rate (caused by dysrhthymia)
- 24dog resp rate10-30 bpm
- 25cat resp rate20-30 bpm
- 26rabbit resp rate30-60 bpm
- 27guinea pig resp rate40-150 bmp
- 28Dyspnoeadifficulty breathing
- 29Expiratory DyspnoeaDifficulty breathing out - (Bronchitis, collapsing trachea)
- 30Inspiratory DyspnoeaDifficulty breathing in - (Respiratory obstruction, soft palate, laryngeal paralysis)
- 31Apnoeacessation of breathing - tracheal blockage, respiratory failure, death
- 32Cheyne-StokesAlternating periods of deep, rapid and shallow breathing - (death imminent)
- 33Thoraco-abdominal respirationBreathing using muscles of thorax and abdomen - (pain, ruptured diaphragm)
- 34Air hunger/ agonal respirationGasping mouth breathing, head extended in an attempt to increase oxygen intake - (Severe respiratory distress).
- 35cat temperature38 - 38.5
- 36dog temperature38.3 - 38.7
- 37rabbit temperature38.5 - 40 (higher than dogs n cats)
- 38guinea pig temperature39 - 40
- 39DiphasicFluctuating temperature - (viral infection).
- 40when assessing mentation, what does 'Alert collapsed' mean...normal mentation
- 41when assessing mentation, what does 'Depressed collapsed' mean...will respond to stimuli
- 42when assessing mentation, what does 'Obtunded collapsed' mean...decreased level consciousness, will only respond to painful stimulus.
- 43when assessing mentation, what does 'Unconscious' mean...collapsed and does not respond to stimuli but has palpable pulse and heart rate.
- 44Shock is...a state of acute circulatory collapse where the circulation is unable to transport sufficient oxygen to meet demands. Has significant effect on all organs – especially brain, heart and kidneys and may lead to organ failure and death.
- 45signs of shock (multiple)Heart rate – tachycardia, slow CRT, pale mm, poor pulse quality, hypotension
Resp rate – tachypnoea
Urine output – slow or stop urine production - 46signs of pain (multiple)Vocalisation
Submissive, depressed
Reluctance to move
Abnormal posture and movement
Aggression
Changes in urination/defecation
Reduced appetite
Self mutilation - 47Oliguria (urine)Reduction in quantity of urine produced, could be due to dehydration, hypovolaemia and acute renal failure
- 48Anuria (urine)Complete cessation of urine production. Could be due to damaged urinary system, ruptured bladder, obstruction or acute renal failure.
- 49Stranguria (urine)passing of urine is painful
- 50Dysuriadifficulty passing urine
- 51Poikuriairregular passing of urine
- 52polyuria+++ passing of urine
- 53cloudy urine indicates presence of...sediment (white/red blood cells or calculi)
- 54dark/red-brown urine indicates presence of...haemoglobin
- 55strong brown/yellow urine indicates presence of...bile pigments
- 56Tenesmuspainful straining to pass faeces
- 57Dyscheziadifficult and painful passage of faeces
- 58MelaenaDark, tarry faeces (blood loss in upper GIT)
- 59HaematocheziaProduction of fresh, bright red blood (blood loss in lower GIT)
- 60Steatorrhoealarge volumes of pale, fatty faeces (pancreatic insufficiency).
- 61VomitingForceful evacuation of stomach contents through the mouth (active retching and abdominal contractions) – FBs, gastritis, poisons, systemic disease (acid pH due to stomach acid)
- 62RegurgitationPassive movement of food and or liquid back into the mouth with no warning-megaoesophagous (food did not reach the stomach – same pH as when it went in)
- 63Haematemesisbring up blood (haem n emesis)
- 644 x macro nutrientsproteins, fats, carbohydrates, water - body needs relatively large quantities
- 652 x micro nutrientsMinerals and vitamins, as the body needs only small (or trace) quantities
- 66peptidesTwo or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds
- 67polypeptidesMany peptides joined together in a chain.
(A protein is made from one or more polypeptides) - 68enzymes: trypsin and pepsin break down...protein into amino acids so the body can absorb them
- 694 x functions of protein- Structural role in cell walls and muscle fibre
- Tissue repair and growth
- Regulation of metabolism (as enzymes and hormones)
- A source of energy - especially in felines - 70why do cats have a higher protein requirement than dogs?Cats do not use carbohydrate as significant energy source, so they get almost all their energy from protein
Insufficient quantity of protein in the diet results in the break down of their own muscle protein. - 71Taurine deficiency results inCentral retinal degeneration leading to blindness
Impaired immune function
Reproductive failure and developmental abnormalities in kittens
Has been linked to dilated cardiomyopathy. - 72__________ is an essential amino acid for cats as unlike other animals, cats are unable to synthesise sufficient quantities of this ______ _____ to meet their high requirements Taurine is only found in ______ protein sources so cats cannot be vegetarian- they are obligate carnivorestaurine
amino acid
animal - 73_____ deficiency: - Poor growth or weight loss - Poor coat and skin condition - Anorexia - Decreased resistance to disease.protein
- 74too much protein in the diet can result in...being converted into fat (adipose tissue - fat tissue under the skin layer)
- 75During digestion fats are broken down by an enzyme called ______ into individual fatty acids, which can be absorbed.lipase
- 764x functions of water (in the body)- Regulates body temperature
- Transports nutrients
- Removes waste products from the body
(in the form of urine)
- Involved in chemical reactions and digestion. - 77___-___% of the body is made up of water60-70%
- 78what percentage of water loss will cause death?only 15% !
- 79carbohydrates can be broken down by the enzyme ______amylase
- 80the end product of carbohydrate digestionglucose
- 81the liver stores excess glucose in the form of...glycogen
- 82macro mineral examples (6)Ca, K, Na, P, Cl, Mg
- 83micro nutrient examples (4)Fe, I, Zn, Cu
- 84the metabolism of Ca and P is closed linked with Vitamin ....D
- 85Ca is important for (3)-blood clotting
-muscle contractions
-nerve impulses - 86deficiencies in Ca and P can lead to...
skeletal deformities and rickets
Excess can cause skeletal deformities. - 87fat-soluble vitamins (4)A, D, E, K
- 88water-soluble vitamins (2)B, C
( ! - WBC - water biscuits cheese) - 89functions of vitamin A- vision
- maintenance of skin - 90functions of vitamin D