Flashcards
APES Unit 8B Test
Cards in this deck (60)
- 1The table below shows the oral values for various household substances. Based on the values, which of the following best describes the toxicity level of the household substances shown in the table? Responses A Aspirin is less toxic than vinegar. B Table salt is more toxic than vinegar. C Antifreeze is more toxic than aspirin. D Table salt is the most toxic substance in the table.C
- 2For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilograms of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide? Responses A Fifty percent of any rat population would be sickened. B Fifty percent of the population of any warm-blooded animal would die. C Fifty percent of any population of mosquitoes would die. D Five hundred out of every one thousand people would experience acute effects. E Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die.E
- 3The for arsenic in humans is . Which of the following approaches should be used to calculate the number of grams of arsenic it would take to reach the in a 140-pound person? [Note: 1 kg = 2.2 pounds] Responses A 140 lb x 2.2lb/kg x 1kg/13mg x 1g/1000mg B 140 lb x 1kg/2.2lb x 13mg/kg x 1g/1000mg C 13mg/kg x 50 x 140lb x 1kg/2.2lb D 13mg/kg x 1kg/2.2lb x 140lb/1B
- 4The graph below shows the LD50 for two different species of mice after being exposed to a mutagen for 30 days. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following should be used to calculate the difference in for the two different species of mice? Responses A (200mg-100mg)/2 B 490mg/50 - 575mg/50 C 575mg - 490mg D (600mg x 50)/30 daysC
- 5A pesticide was applied to a population of roaches, and it was determined that the was . If the average mass of a roach was , which of the following approaches will determine the dose in per roach? Responses A 55mg/kg x 1/0.02kg B 55mg/kg x 50% x 0.02 kg C 55mg/kg x 0.02 kg D 0.02kg/1 x 55mg/1kg / 50%C
- 6Researchers are evaluating the waste treatment facility located on the Moose River in the northeastern United States. They are sampling the river and its tributaries at several locations, as shown on the map below. Water from which of the following locations on the map would best serve as a control group for the study? Responses A A B B C C D DA
- 7Researchers suspect that sewage leaked into the Moose River. Rates for which of the following diseases should be used to determine whether the human population using the river as a source of drinking water was exposed to sewage? Responses A Dysentery B Mesothelioma C Asthma D MalariaA
- 8Information gathered by a scientist abut the toxicity of chemical X and chemical Y showed that they had individual safe limits for fish at particular concentrations. But when they were used together at the safe concentrations, there were extensive fish kills. This is an example of Responses A homeostasis B synergism C commensalism D bioaccumulation E antagonismB
- 9Which of the following human health issues is linked to exposure to pollutants released during the incineration of plastic waste? Responses A Dysentery B Mesothelioma C Asthma D CholeraC
- 10Directions: select the choice that best fits each statement. he following question(s) refer to the figure below, which depicts the observed relation between dietary fat intake and rate of death from breast cancer in different countries. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? Responses A Increased incidence of breast cancer is related to the average age of a country's population. B The number of breast cancer deaths is proportional to the size of a country's population. C Increase incidence of breast cancer is related to annual length of exposure to solar radiation. D Persons who reside in colder climates are more susceptible to breast cancer than those who live in tropical regions. E There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fate intake.E
- 11West Nile virus was identified in the Western Hemisphere during the summer of 1999 and was associated with human, equine, and avian deaths. This virus is acquired by Responses A ingesting certain imported foods B coming in contact with polluted water C coming in contact with a sick horse or bird D being bitten by an infected mosquito E inhaling contaminated airborne dropletsD
- 12Based on the diagram, which of the following is the most likely reason that a community with good sanitation could still have individuals who contract cholera? Responses C Waste water treatment facilities that use high levels of chlorine to treat the outgoing municipal water supply have an increased risk of cholera outbreaks. D Runoff from a nearby agricultural field pollutes a reservoir used for drinking water.D
- 13Based on the diagram above, which of the following best describes why a population in an area that has poor sanitation can be particularly at risk for a cholera outbreak? Responses A V. cholerae is a parasitic bacterium often found in moving water, such as rivers and streams. B Symptoms of the disease can appear anywhere from 2 hours to 5 days after initial ingestion of contaminated food or water. C The bacterium that causes cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated water or food.C
- 14Based on the diagram above, which of the following is the most likely reason that V. cholerae can spread rapidly through a population? Responses A V. cholerae is a microscopic bacterium that can survive in various aquatic environments for prolonged periods of time and can cause a delayed onset of visible symptoms. B V. cholerae is a macroscopic bacterium that is easily detected in aquatic environments and causes rapid onset of symptoms. C V. cholerae eventually becomes airborne and is spread through the inhalation of spores, causing a delayed onset of visible symptoms. D V. cholerae is transmitted via an insect vector and often goes undiagnosed in isolated communities.A
- 15This pathogen is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is found most often in sub-Saharan Africa. Responses A Tuberculosis B Zika C Cholera D MalariaD
- 16The use of pesticides on crops has had significant negative effects on honeybee populations. The pesticide imidacloprid, which is used to control parasites like aphids, is highly toxic to bees in small concentrations. Imidacloprid has an dose of per bee, which weigh, on average, 0.1 grams. Which of the following approaches would you use to calculate the amount of pesticide, in milligrams per gram of bees? (Note: ) Responses A 78 ng/bee x 1 bee/0.1g x 1,000,000 ng/1 mg B 78 ng/bee x 1 bee/0.1 g x 1 mg/1,000,000 ng C 78 ng/bee x 1 bee/50 x 1,000,000 ng/1 mg D 78 ng/bee x 1 bee/1,000,000 ng x 50%B
- 17At what step in the diagram would the last solid waste be removed from the wastewater in the treatment plant? Responses A A B B C C D DC
- 18At what step in the diagram would wastewater most likely be treated with chlorine or UV light to remove bacteria? Responses A Before step A B Between steps A and B C Between steps C and D D During step DD
- 19Based on the diagram, organic solids that have settled to the bottom of the treatment tanks in step are transferred to which of the following for further processing? Responses A Screens B Filter beds C Sludge treatment tanks D Effluent dischargeC
- 20Which of the following claims about brine shrimp is best supported by the data in the table? Responses A Brine shrimp generally hatch in 36 to 48 hours in warm temperatures. B The growth and survival of brine shrimp are optimal 72 hours after hatching. C There is more food available for brine shrimp when the water has a salt concentration of 20mg/100ml. D The optimal salinity for brine shrimp hatching is 30mg/100ml.D
- 21Based on the data in the table, which of the following concentrations of sodium chloride is most toxic to brine shrimp? Responses A 0 mg/ 100 mL B 10 mg/100 mL C 20 mg/100 mL D 30 mg/100 mLA
- 22Based on the data in the table, which of the following equations should be used to calculate how many times greater the resistance of a rabbit to x-rays is than that of a dog? A 800-325 B 800+325 C 800 x 325 D 800/325D
- 23Which of the following approaches should be used to calculate the amount of lead, in milligrams, that would be present in a population of 200 rats with each rat weighing on average 20 grams, dosed with the dose. A 200 rats x 20g/1 rat x 1 kg/1000g x 150 mg/1 kg B 200 rats x 20g/1 rat x 1kg/1000 g x 100 mg/1 kg C 200 rats x 20 g/ 1 rat x 1kg/100mg x 1000 mg/1 kg D 200 rats x 1 rat/20 g x 1 kg/1000g x 150 mg/1kgB
- 24Based on the diagram, which of the following is the vector that transmits the Zika virus to humans? Responses A Chimpanzees B Mosquitoes C Tree pollen D Urban areasB
- 25Based on the diagram, which of the following is one way that the Zika virus can be spread within the human population? Responses A Airborne transmission B Through drinking water C Through contaminated food D From a mother to her unborn childD
- 26Based on the pathways shown in the diagram, which of the following best describes how climate change will most likely increase the transmission rates of the Zika virus? Responses A A decrease in the number of baboons will lead to an increase in human exposure to the virus. B Expanded mosquito ranges will increase human exposure to the virus. C A shift in the human population to urban areas will decrease transmission between people. D Desertification will cause an increase in the number of monkeys and chimpanzees, which will decrease the overall number of cases of Zika.B
- 27A scientist is studying the correlation between air pollution and cardiovascular disease in humans. Which of the following measures would best show a link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease? Responses A Mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in populations in different countries B Total number of emergency room visits by individuals with cardiovascular disease in urban areas compared to rural areas C Occurrences of emergency room visits by individuals with cardiovascular disease on days with a high air quality index value D Change in number of individuals with cardiovascular diseases over the past 50 years compared to levels of atmospheric carbon dioxideC
- 28Based on the data in the graph, which of the four chemicals is the most toxic to amphibians regardless of dose? Responses A A B B C C D DA
- 29Which of the following solutions most significantly contributed to the decrease in the amount of waste sent to landfills from 1990 to 2015 ? A Increased composting of domestic waste B Increased composting of e-waste C Increased combustion of waste D Increased recycling of wasteD
- 30Based on the data in the graph, which of the following likely occurred from 1960 to 2015 because of changes in solid waste disposal methods? Responses A Fewer natural resources needed to be extracted. B Groundwater contamination declined. C Less carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere. D Less land was used for landfills.A
- 31One benefit of solid waste disposal in landfills is that the methane produced from decomposition can be harnessed for energy. Based on the data in the graph, methane production from waste management most likely peaked during which of the following years? Responses A 1980 B 1990 C 2000 D 2010B
- 32A scientist wanted to investigate the effect of tropospheric ozone on the respiratory function of mice. Twenty female mice were placed in one of five different field environments that mimicked the natural habitats of the mice. Each environment had a tube connected to it that would pump in a set level of ozone measured in . In each field environment, the scientist measured the average respiratory output for the twenty mice over a three-month time frame. Which of the following describes the independent variable in the experiment? Responses A The simulated field environment that housed the group of twenty mice B The respiratory output of each mouse C The different levels of ozone introduced into the environments D The use of female miceC
- 33A scientist wanted to investigate the effect of tropospheric ozone on the respiratory function of mice. Twenty female mice were placed in one of five different field environments that mimicked the natural habitats of the mice. Each environment had a tube connected to it that would pump in a set level of ozone measured in . In each field environment, the scientist measured the average respiratory output for the twenty mice over a three-month time frame. Which of the following should be added to the study to best serve as the control group? Responses A A replicated experiment using male mice B A replicated experiment conducted in the field and not in the laboratory C A group of twenty mice provided with additional food resources D A group of twenty mice that were not exposed to ozoneD
- 34Heavy metal released into air as suspended particulate; smelting/metal processing, waste incinerators, used to be a common ingredient in gasoline and paintLead (Pb)
- 35Includes nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is a brown gas, and nitrogen dioxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas; vehicle exhaust, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activitiesNOx
- 36Organic molecules that evaporate easily, indoor air pollutants; solvents, perfumes, paints, cleaners, glues, pesticidesVOCs
- 37Hydrocarbons containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine; refrigerants, aerosol sprays, solventsCFCs
- 38Poisonous, colorless, odorless gas; gas stoves, vehicles burning gasoline, boilers— produced when natural gas or carbon containing products do not burn fullyCO
- 39Very small particles of soot, dust, or other matter, classified based on size; power plants/industry, volcanoes (ash), windblown dustPM
- 40Colorless, reactive gas that is helpful in the stratosphere but harmful to the troposphere; secondary pollutant formed when NOx and VOCs react in the presence of sunlightO3
- 41Colorless gas with pungent odor; coal burning power plantsSO2
- 42Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experience a range of environmental conditions (inducing daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water)? A Open ocean B Lakes C Coral reefs D Intertidal zonesD
- 43Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level? A Spider B Deer C Lion D Hawk E SnakeB
- 44How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon? A Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze. B Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere C Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere D Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means E Carbon released by the burning increases plant growth, producing more carbon for the atmosphere.C
- 45Nítrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2). A Nitrification B Denitrification C Assimilation D Ammonification E Nitrogen fixationB
- 46In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps? A Step 1: Nitrogen Gas —> Organic nitrogen B Step 2: Organic Nitrogen —> Ammonium C Step 3: Ammonium —> Nitrite, Nitrate D Step 4: Nitrite, Nitrate —> Nitrogen GasC
- 47Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? A There is usually a gaseous phase in the phosphorus cycle B Phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments C Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds D Phosphate is not readily taken up by plants E There are no anthropogenic sources of phosphorusC
- 48The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from A Decomposition of organic sediments on the coean floor B Metabolic processes of coral in reefs C Oxidation of sulfur by bacteria in ocean vent communities D Photosynthesis by phytoplankton E Respiration by zooplanktonD
- 49Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir? A Nitrifying bacteria and lightning B Decomposing plant and animal material C Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity D Nitrates taken up by plant rootsC
- 50Which process in the nitrogen cycle releases nitrogen gas into the atmosphere? A Leaching of fertilizers from agricultural areas B Assimilation of soil nitrates by plants C Bacteria fixation of nitrogen in soil D Denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteriaD
- 51Which of the following biogochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir A The hydrologic cycle and living things B The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere C The phosphorus cycle and bacteria D The carbon cycle and glaciersB
- 52This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun’s ultraviolet rays. A Troposphere B Stratosphere C Mesosphere D ThermosphereB
- 53Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well. Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn? A Clay because it has at least 45% clay so it absorbs water very well. B Silt loam because it is about 80% silt and has low amounts of sand C Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.C
- 54Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Niño event and the population decline? A Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites B Lower sea surface heights can result in pelican nest sites being isolated too far from their food supply in the ocean. C The female reproductive tract of birds does not function at the lower water temperatures of El NiñoA
- 55Which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean? A Sea surface temp - low; rainfall - low B Sea surface temp - low; rainfall - high C Sea surface temp - high; rainfall - low D Sea surface temp - high; rainfall - highD
- 56At which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains?B
- 57At which of the following sites does sea floor spreading results in rifts and possible volcanoes?A
- 58Of the following, which has the greatest permeability? A Clay B Loam C Sand D Silt E HumusC
- 59Correct order of soil particles in order of increasing sizeClay—silt—sand
- 60—
Information
- Description
- 11th grade Environmenal Science Flashcards on APES Unit 8B Test, created by Jaylen Bowens on 16/11/2023.
- Created by
- Jaylen Bowens
- Views
- 41
- Rating