Flashcards
Epistemoogy flashcards
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1Acquaintance knowledgeKnowledge of
- 2Propositional knowledgeKnowledge that
- 3AbilityKnowledge how
- 4Practical knowledgeHelps us identify and acquire different instances of knowledge but tells us nothing about how the knowledge relates to truth or belief
- 5Theoretical knowledgeInvolves a necessary truth about what knowledge is
- 6Real knowledgeNecessary truths about things that objectively exist
- 7Conceptual defintionConcepts defined by necessary truths that have no independent investigable nature
- 8What does Zagzebski say we should avoid in a definitionCircular, obscure, negative (defining a term by what it is not), ad hock (defining something in order to avoid a problem)
- 9Individually necessaryThe conditions that are absolutely required
- 10Jointly sufficientThe conditions for which no more conditions are required
- 11Plato's tripartite definition of knowledgeTrue belief accompanied by a rational account
- 12Correspondence theory of truthIn order for something to be true it must correspond to the fact
- 13Coherence theory of truthRequires that the truth is in coherence with what is societally understood
- 14Why is belief not a necessary conditionBecause belief implies you are not absolutely certain whereas knowledge requires absolute certainty
- 15Gettier casesDemonstrate instances where a person has a justified true belief that is not knowledge because it is only right due to luck
- 16Gettier case (Smith and Jones job)Smith and Jones are interviewing for the same job
Smith hears the interviewer say “i'm going to give Jones the job”
Smith also sees Jones count 10 coins from his pocket
Smith thus forms the belief that the man who will get the job has 10 coins in his pocket
But Smith gets the job, not Jones
Then by coincidence, turns out Smith also has 10 coins in his pocket - 17Disjunction introductionIf you have a true statement and then add 'or some other statement' the whole statement is true
- 18Gettier case (Smith and Brown)Smith has a justified belief that ‘Jones owns a Ford’
So using the principle of disjunctive introduction, Smith can form the further justified belief that ‘either Jones owns a Ford or Brown is in Barcelona’
Smith thinks that the statement is true because of the first condition (Jones owns a Ford)
Turns out Jones doesn't own a Ford
But by sheer coincidence, Brown is in Barcelona - 19No false lemmasJTB + Not inferred from anything else (no false lemmas)
- 20Fake barn countyIn ‘fake barn county’ the locals make fake barns that look identical to real barns
Henry is driving through the county but is unaware that the locals do this
He often thinks ‘theres a barn’ when he looks at fake barns
These beliefs cannot be knowledge as they are untrue
However on one occasion Henry looks at a real barn and thinks ‘there's a barn’
This is knowledge through luck - 21No essential false assumptionsJTB + no hidden assumptions
- 22ReliablismTrue belief formed through a reliable method (one that produces a high percentage of true beliefs)
- 23Pro of ReliablismAllows for children and animals to have knowledge
- 24Crit of ReliablismDoesn't pass fake barn county - Henry forms his belief through a reliable method (sight) so Reliablism would say he has knowledge even though its just through luck
- 25InfallibilismTrue belief + justified in a way that makes it certain (no room for doubt)
- 26Criticism of infallibilismToo strict - basically everything can be doubted so we cannot plausibly have knwoledge
Impractical - too idealistic
Defining the wrong type of knowledge - 27Virtue epistemologySeveral different types however are all linked by intellectual virtues as an intellectually virtuous person would have traits such as being rational, caring about what is true and a good memory
- 28Why does Zagzebski say that Gettier cases defeat any ' JTB + other' definition of knowledgeTruth and the third condition are simply added but not linked which leaves room for lucky cases
- 29Zagzebski virtue epistemologyBelief + arises from an act of intellectual virtue (you must have the correct motivation e.g. to find the truth and succeed as a result of that virtue e.g. belief turns out to be true because of that virtue
- 30Sosa's virtue epistemologyTrue belief formed as a result of exercising intellectual virtues
- 31Sosas triple A'sAccurate (it hits the target)
Adroit (the archer is skilful and shoots well)
Apt (the arrow will hit the target because it was shot well) - 32What makes Sosas and Zagzebskis virtue epistemology differentSosas requirement from aptness makes it vary from Zagzebskisas it links truth and the third condition
- 33Crit of virtue epistemologyDoesn't allow for children and animals to have knowledge
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- AS level Philosophy Flashcards on Epistemoogy flashcards, created by lukas majda on 16/04/2024.
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