Flashcards
Archaeology Sites to know
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Knossos-Knossos=most powerful monarch for Minoans
-on Crete
-frescoes on palace walls
-Palaces controlled all agricultural goods and products
by storing in large storerooms
-Palaces became the centers of exchange for Minoan economy - 2Athens/ Parthenon-Athens= center of democracy w/in Greece (only polis to employ it)
-Parthenon= built during time of Athenian democracy (under Pericles)
-Parthenon -> built to honor Athena, state treasury held there
-Parthenon-> exterior decorated w/ sculpltures (i.e.: in friezes & pediment) - 3Thebes/ Sparta-both= polis/ city-states -> meaning that each had their own form of gov't, laws, & $
- 4Poverty Point-Northern American culture (Eastern)
-Largest poverty point culture site ->situated overlooking the Mississippi floodplain near the confluences of 6 rivers
-structures built on mounds bcuz on a flood plain
-trade hub (peaked btween 1400-1100 BCE) - 5Chaco Canyon/ Pueblo Bonito-AD 900-1150
-located in American SW (NM)
-imp: pueblo society (i.e.: Pueblo Bonito), maize cultivation (by AD 490)
-artifacts: building constructions (pithouses (which bcome kivas),kivas, pueblos)
-Pueblo Bonito: largest ancient dwelling & largest known ancestral puebloan dwelling -> built up slowly (peaked @ 175 rooms) - 6Mesa Verde-North American cultural period (SW-> CO)
-Cliff dwellings (probably chosen bcuz of natural springs nearby)
-large pueblo contains more than 200 small rooms plus kivas. Some of the construction is four storied.
-ceremonial temples (i.e.: Sun Temple -> argued uses: astrological, palace protection)
-black-on-white pottery - 7Grave Creek Mound-North American cultural period (Adena Complex site in WV)
-Construction of the mound took place in successive stages from
about 250-150 B.C., as indicated by the multiple burials at different levels w/in the structures.
-In 1838, road engineers measured its height at 69 ft and its at the base as 295 ft.
-Originally a moat of about 40 ft in width and five feet in depth w/ one causeway encircling it. - 8Cahokia/ Monks Mound-east-northeast of Saint Louis on Cahokia Creek
-@ peak it may have had some 20,000-30,000 inhabitants (by AD 1050-1150, was regional center for the Mississippian culture w/ many satellite communities, villages & farmsteads around it.
-City center is basically diamond shaped with an interior palisade
-Monks mount (in city center)-> never a burial mound, only made to put structures on - 9Machu Picchu-S. American culture (Peru-> saddled btween 2 peaks in the Andes)
-a complex of temples, palaces & observatories
-believed to be the home of Inca ruling classes
-Incas seemed to base site's construction of spring nearby-> Hydrology (canals, fountains, irrigation & drainage/sewage systems)
-Agricultural(terraced side), Urban, & Religious( included Intihuatana (alter) &temple of the sun)
- - 10Cuzco-South American culture
-major city -> near Machu Picchu
-Inca Civilization - 11Nazca Lines-lines made by moving rock to reveal yellow clay beneath to make designs such as: a bird, a monkey, a spider, a whale, a flower, etc.
-suspected reasons for construction:
(1) astrological connections (charting the stars); (2) ocean (bcuz ancient Nazca ppl fished in ocean)-> believed that they are pictorials of animals/ creatures ppl saw; (3) outline underground waterways - 12Serpent Mound-Effigy Mound of Eastern N. american cultural period (in OH)
- 13Mycenae-Fortified (walled) Aegean Greek Mycenaean site
-Lion's Gate
-ruins of palace display defense/ protection tactics in doubled-walls & escape passages (part of their warring status) - 14Tikal-Mesoamerican cultural period (Mayan city in the rain forest of Guatemala)
-priests thot to direct rural, peasant rituals from city's center
-craft specializations
-built on a series of low ridges
bcuz in a swampy area - 15Chichén Itzá-Mesoamerican cultural period (late Mayan center in Yucatán)
-Late in the tenth century A.D.,Chichén Itzá was rebuilt in an architectural style similar to that found at Tula.
– During this time, the site grew to its maximum size, more than 2 sq mi.
–largest ball court in Mesoamerica built here. - 16San Lorenzo-Mesoamerican cultural period (Oldest Olmec site occupied by 1500 B.C.)
–Pottery found from earliest period
-Monumental sculptures not until 1250 B.C -> i.e.: colossal heads (-Carved from basalt floated on huge rafts from Tuxtla mountains.
–Ended around 900 B.C.;all monoliths intentionally mutilated/buried)
-20 Lagunas -> ritual bathing - 17La Venta-Mesoamerican cultural period (Olmecs)
-Contemporaneous w/ later
phases of San Lorenzo, but persists
-Includes mounds,plazas,tombs, basalt slab enclosures,& a clay pyramid.
-Buried stone offerings:jade and serpentine;colored clay floors;mosaics;jaguar masks;stone figurines
-Colossal heads - 18Teotihuacán-mesoamerican cultural period (established by the end of 2nd century B.C in Basin of Mexico)
-multi-ethnic city
-By the 1st century A.D.,Teotihuacán became primary settlement in the Basin
-water canals & agricultural intensification to support its growing population
-obsidian usage
-Pyramids of the sun and moon-> exteriors believed to have been faced w/ white plaster & painted red to enhance visibility
-multi-housed residentials - 19Tenochtitlán-Mesoamerican cultural period (Aztec->founded in A.D. 1325 on small, marshy island.)
-developed into the largest & most powerful city in Mesoamerica (resources & control)
-Basic residential units at Tenochtitlán were occupied by nuclear
or joint families.
– Individual compounds permitted public display of status & wealth->achieved status ideals (military & economic success)
-commercial center
-Cortés quickly and easily defeated the Aztecs
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- ANT 104 (Exam III) Flashcards on Archaeology Sites to know, created by Kay_C on 10/12/2013.
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