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Untitled

Isaac Sanchez English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1BasileusA term used to call a king during the dark ages.
  2. 2Hoplosshield, helmet, breastplate and spear. Peasant farmers (middle class) would be able to afford this armor. ca 670 BC
  3. 3Linear Aa form of writing that was developed by the Minoans. ca 1900 BC
  4. 4apoikaa regular colony.
    During the Archaic Period, colonization around the mediterranean had taken place.
  5. 5First Messenian War ca. 730-710Sparta conquers Messenia & turns inhabitants into helots
    -each Spartiate given helots by the state to work their farms.
  6. 6Lycurgus ca. 650 BCReforms Sparta's laws. He introduces the Great Rhetra- a new constitution.
  7. 7Great Rhetraa “mixed” constitution with elements of monarchy, oligarchy and
    democracy—kings, council and assembly, all with certain powers. ca 650 BC
  8. 8Gerousiaa council is established:
    -28 Spartiates and 2 kings—28 are elected by the Assembly
    -had to be 60 years old; held office for life
    -can veto acts of Assembly and serves as the supreme judicial body
  9. 9Apella(assembly) consisted of all male Spartans of adult age
    -vote on legislation suggested by the Gerousia
    -seems they were not allowed to debate, just vote
  10. 10Ephors5 magistrates to assist/supervise the kings
    -they run the city itself as executive officers
    -they supervise the agoge, the Spartan educational system (discuss next time)
    -elected by Apella
  11. 11Second Messenian Warhelots revolt helped by other Messenians ca. 650 BC
  12. 12Cleomenes 520-490 BCadds Corinth, Sicyon and Megara into the League—
    control entrance into Peloponnese
    -he tries to prevent Athens from becoming a democracy from 508-506—but fails
    -in many of his schemes, he was resisted by other king Demaratus—has Demaratus framed
    and Demaratus flees to Persia
    -ca. 490, Cleomenes framing of Demaratus is discovered and he commits suicide in prison at
    Sparta
  13. 13AgogeEducational system for Spartiate males. legendarily created by Lycurgus
    -only members of the royal houses excluded from system
    -trained all males between 7 and 29 years of age
    -ephors inspected all children at birth and exposed those considered unfit
  14. 14Perioeci"Those who live around us". These people would not be considered to be Spartans. Those who could not handle becoming an Agoge were also considered to be this.
  15. 15Oligoi("the few"), rich land-holding aristocracy. These people ruled early Archaic Athenian Governement
  16. 169 ArchonsYearly magistrates that were chosen. eponymous archon = guy year is named after. Basileus archon ("king archon") = religious archon. Polemarch Archon= war archon. The other 6 served as judges and executives as needed.
  17. 17CylonTries to become a tyrant of Athens in 632 BC but fails.
  18. 18Draco 620's BCAn archon made king to reform the system through 620's. He rights Athenian laws on stone for the first time and are known to be very harsh. He also saves debtors from becoming slaves by developing the share-crop system.
  19. 19Solon 594 BCMade sole archon to solve problems in 594 BC. He abolishes debt, debt-slavery and share-cropping system of Draco. Tones down the Draconian Laws, and divides citizens into 4 classes.
  20. 20Cleisthenes 509-508 BCHe attempts to make athens into a "democracy". He introduces the term "insonomia" (balance of power) which is less democratic than democracy.
  21. 21Persian Empire (559-331 BC)From Greece to India, Egypt to China. This first empire called the “Achaemenid” Empire after first ruling family, the Achaemenids
  22. 22Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC)son of a Median nobleman and a Persian princess. ca. 550: Cyrus unites both kingdoms. 539: Cyrus convinces the Babylonian priests of Marduk to expel their king, Nabonidus—Persians
    now control all of Mesopotamia and Palestine
    -Cyrus allows the Jews held in Babylon to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple of Solomon.
  23. 23Conquest of Lydia by Cyrus in 546 BCThis is the first contact between Greeks and Persians. Ionia falls under Persian control in 546 BC.
  24. 24Ionian Revolt 499-493 BCperhaps in part inspired by Persian failure to conquer Black Sea (Scythia), also Ionians were unsatisfied with tributes they had to give to the Persians.
  25. 25Battle of Lade 494 BCnaval battle the Persians win and crush revolt
    -rebellion drags on into 493, but Sardis is burnt by the rebels
    -Miletus destroyed and inhabitants enslaved and relocated
  26. 26Battle of Marathon 490Darius plans to punish Athens and other Mainlander Greeks for the destruction of Sardis. Athenians under Miltiades face them: 20,000 Persians vs. 10,000 Greeks (mostly Athenians). after winning Athens sends a runner to warn city—Phidippides runs the 26 miles and gets there in time.
  27. 27Themistocles 490 BCRises to power in Athens, often opposed by Cimon (son of Miltiades) and Aristides. a silver-strike at Laurion brings in 2 tons of silver to Athens in 482. Themistocles wants to build a navy from this, Cimon and Aristides want to redistribute it. Aristides is ostracized in 482, and Athens builds a navy.
  28. 28Xerxes I 486- 465 BCSon of Darius, Xerxes inherits Darius’ desire to conquer Greece. He builds a pontoon bridge across Hellespont. convinces some Greeks to medize—notably Thebes and Macedonians
  29. 29Round 2 of Persian Wars 481-479 BCXerxes’ 2nd in command is Mardonius; he is advised by Spartan Demaratus. Herodotus says that king has 5 million soldiers—perhaps more like 200,000. In anticipation of invasion, Greeks form Hellenic League in 481 based at Corinth.
  30. 30Battle of Thermopylae 481 BC6000 Greeks under Spartan Leonidas who has 300 Spartans
    -Persians outflank Greeks, and Spartans stay behind to protect their retreat—Leonidas and his 300 die gloriously.
  31. 31Battle of ArtemisiumThis battle was being fought at the same time as Thermopylae but by the Persian and Greek navy. It was a draw, but a storm destroyed Persian ships afterward.
  32. 32Battle of Salamis 480 BCGreeks defeat Persians in narrows around island of Salamis
    -perhaps Greek trireme ships (trireme = “3 oared”) better than Persian (Phoenician) ships
    -as a result of Salamis, Xerxes retreats back to Persia with much of his forces—leaves Mardonius in charge to hold Greece north of Corinth if possible
  33. 33Battle of Plataea 479 BCGreek force advances from Corinth to face Mardonius in Boeotia. Greeks defeat Persian forces: Spartans on right flank defeat Persians/Athenians on left defeat Persia’s Greek allies (Thebes and Ionians)
    -total force commanded by Spartan regent Pausanias; Athenian forces led by Aristides. Greeks dedicate tripod of gold from Persian spoils at Delphi—Serpentine Column lists who fought against the Persians at Plataea.

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Flashcards on Untitled, created by Isaac Sanchez on 21/03/2016.
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Isaac Sanchez
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