6676938
Description
Flashcards by Ralph Hogaboom, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ralph Hogaboom
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
| critical period | an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development. |
| cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| schema | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
| assimilation | interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas. |
| accommodation | adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. |
| sensorimotor stage | in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. |
| object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
| preoperational stage | in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. |
| conservation | the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. |
| egocentrism | in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view. |
| theory of mind | people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states— about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict. |
| concrete operational stage | in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events |
| formal operational stage | in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
| autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors. |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
| attachment | an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
| imprinting | the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life |
| temperament | a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
| basic trust | according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. |
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