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Flashcards

Ethics Keywords

Molly Salmon English 49 cards

Cards in this deck (49)

  1. 1AbsoluteA rule that is true in all situations e.g. Rape is always wrong
  2. 2RelativistA judgement that depends on circumstances e.g. Abortion
  3. 3SubjectiveJudgement based on personal opinion e.g. Abortion
  4. 4ObjectiveJudgements are based on impartial absolute value system e.g. Stealing
  5. 5DeontologicalInherently right or wrong. Circumstances/ outcome are not taken into account
  6. 6TeleologicalConcerned with purpose or ultimate goal
  7. 7Final causeAristotle used this to mean the purpose of something
  8. 8Efficient causeAristotle used this to explain how something happens, the agent which brings something about
  9. 9EudaimoniaThe aim of all human activity is to achieve all-round well-being
  10. 10Real goodA correct judgement arrived at by the right use of reason along with the natural law
  11. 11Apparent goodA faulty judgement as a result of the misuse of reason or misunderstanding of divide law
  12. 12The purposeTo achieve perfection with god
  13. 13The wayFollows natural law by doing good and avoiding evil
  14. 14Five primary preceptsThe five basic principles of Aquinas' natural law
  15. 15Secondary preceptsThe rules that are developed from Aquinas' five primary precepts
  16. 16Hypothetical imperativeAn action which achieves a goal or purpose
  17. 17Categorical imperativeAn absolute and universal sense of moral duty which directs humans to the right action
  18. 18MaximsRules which are derived from the categorical imperatives
  19. 19PrescriptiveA statement makes a rule about how people should behave
  20. 20DescriptiveA sentence simply states how things are
  21. 21Principle of utilityBentham's belief that the right course of action is that which brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number
  22. 22Hedonic calculusBentham's method of measuring the good and bad effects of an action
  23. 23Higher pleasuresThose that involve intellect, like reading art or music. According to mill higher pleasures are more valuable than lower pleasures as only humans can appreciate them
  24. 24Lower pleasuresThose that please the body, like food and sex. Because these would also please an animal, Mill rated them as lower pleasures
  25. 25AutonomyMorality existing independently of religion. It's ideas are shaped by reason alone
  26. 26HeteronomyMorality shaped by religious beliefs. It's rules are taken directly from religious teachings
  27. 27TheonomyThe principles and values behind both religious and ethical rules are the same
  28. 28Euthyphro dilemmaIs something right because the god command it or do the gods command it because it's right
  29. 29Divine command theorySomething is good simply because god commands it and for no other reason
  30. 30Sanctity of lifeHuman life is worthy of special respect. There is something holy about it
  31. 31AbortionThe deliberate expulsion of the foetus from the uterus
  32. 32Pro-lifeSupporters argue that a foetus is a human life from the moment of conception because it contains the blueprints for a person
  33. 33Pro-choiceSupporters say that a foetus is only a potential human, the mother is an actual person so had the right to decide whether to terminate the pregnancy
  34. 34Doctrine of double effectIf doing something morally good had a morally bad side effect, it is right to do providing the bad side-effect was not intended
  35. 35IVF(In vitro fertilisation) when sperm and an egg are put together in a tube until an embryo is formed which is then transferred into a woman's womb
  36. 36EuthanasiaInvolves assisting a person to die to spare them suffering. A gentle or peaceful death
  37. 37Active euthanasiaThis is when action is taken to bring life to an end: e.g. A lethal dose of drugs might be given. Currently illegal in the U.K.
  38. 38Passive euthanasiaThis is when a decision is made to stop further treatment either, though this death will be the result
  39. 39PersonhoodCharacteristics that are considered to clarify what constitutes a person:
    Rational thought, consciousness, feel pain/pleasure, self-awareness, human genetic makeup, being able to survive independently as a human
  40. 40Slippery slope argumentWhen an action such as euthanasia is legal on grounds of terminal illness e.g. It then allows society to permit other categories of euthanasia to be acceptable. Thereby removing barriers and opening floodgates to devalue human life
  41. 41Genetic engineeringThe process of artificially manipulating genes
  42. 42CloningA form of genetic engineering that produces new life that is a genetic copy of its parent
  43. 43Therapeutic cloningA medical procedure where single cells are taken from one person or embryo and "reprogrammed" to create stem cells which can be used in medical treatment
  44. 44Reproductive cloningCloning which produces offspring
  45. 45Transgenic organismWhen a living organism is given genes from a different organism like a plant, animal, virus of bacteria
  46. 46Jus in belloRules which define the correct conduct of war
  47. 47Jus ad bellumRules which state whether it is right to go to war
  48. 48Jus post bellumRules which state how peace must be established after war
  49. 49PacifismBelief that all fighting is wrong

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Description
Flashcards on Ethics Keywords, created by Molly Salmon on 17/11/2016.
Created by
Molly Salmon · Nov 2016
Updated
Nov 23, 2016
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