Flashcards
Lipski
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1Alpha motoneurons innervate...Extrafusal muscle fibers
- 2Gamma motoneurons innervate...Intrafusal muscle fibers
- 3What is the function of gamma motoneurons?To control the excitability of stretch receptors in muscle spindle by keeping it taut
- 4MMD features-hypertonia
-failure to relax after contraction
-wasting and weakness - 5Myaesthenia Gravis features:-Autoimmune
-Less ACh binding sites
-Less synaptic transmission (threshold isn't reached)
-Weakness, no wasting - 6Botulism features:-Impaired ACh release (botulin toxin)
-Somatic and autonomic (dry mouth, postural hypotension) dysfunction
-Muscles supplied by cranial nerves --> limbs --> resp muscles - 7Mechanism of action (Botulin toxin):Botulin binds to presynaptic nerve terminal -->endocytosed --> proteolysis of proteins involved in NT release
- 8Botulin toxin can be used for?-Dystonia (increases tone)
-Hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating)
-Gastro and urinary disorders - 9Wallerian degenerationAxon degenerates --> myelin sheath breaks apart distal to area of injury
- 10Steps after Wallerian degeneration?-Chromatolysis
-Axon sprouts outwards and reinnervates muscle - 11ALS affects?-LMN and UMN cell bodies
- 12What isn't involved in ALS?-extraocular muscles
-Anal and bladder sphincters
-No sensory/ intellectual deficits - 13Features of ALS?Progressive wasting, weakness, atrophy --> paralysis
-Exaggerated stretch reflex and tone (UMN issue)
-fasciculations and fibrillations (LMN) - 14ALS oxidative stress hypothesis:-Superoxide dismutase mutation
-antioxidant capacity exceeded
-free radicals
-Damage to LMN and UMN cell bodies - 15ALS Excitotoxic hypothesis:-Defective Glu transporter
-Increased Glu in ECF
-Increased Ca++ in cells
-ROS in defense
-Damage to cells - 16Riluzole mode of action?-Blocks Glu release
-Can slow disease progression by a few months - 17Baclophen mode of action?-GABAb agonist
-Reduces spasticity - 18How does hemisection of the spinal cord affect LMN and UMN?-LMN symptoms at the level affected
-UMN symptoms below - 19Spinal Shock-Loss of sensation, paralysis (flaccid), temporary areflexia
- 20What are the other symptoms of initial spinal shock?-dilated bv's
-lack of sweating
-Sexual organ dysfunction
-Atonic bladder and bowel - 21What changes occur with recovery?-Muscle tone (not voluntary movement) comes back
-Spasticity (vs flaccidity)
-Extensor plantar response
-BP increases
-Paresthesia in affected area
-Withdrawal reflex comes back - 22Spasticity-increased tone
-Heightened reflexes - 23Clonus-Involuntary contractions and relaxations
- 24Denervation supersensitivity (spinal cord transection)Increased sensitivity of post synaptic cells after removal of the axon that used to innervate it
- 25What patients require artificial respiration?-Quadriplegic patients
- 26Treatments for paraplegic patients:-Robotic legs "Rewalk"
-Microchip controlled muscle contraction that enables walking "Parastep"
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- Flashcards on Lipski, created by Julia Berney on 17/04/2014.
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- Julia Berney
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