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| Question | Answer |
| What was one important development associated with the Industrial Revolution? | The rise of a middle class was one important development. |
| What is a middle class? | A middle class is a group between the titled upper classes and mega-rich, and the lower classes who were desperately poor. |
| What did this middle class include? | This middle class included shopkeepers, craftspeople, doctors, clerks and lawyers. |
| What did the middle class have in common? | What they had in common was marketable skills that won them a higher income than the lowest workers. |
| How did the rise of the middle class in Britain affect the character of the nation? | The middle class had to work for a living, so they contributed new ideas to the debates on the issues of the time. |
| What did the enclosure of common lands do? | The enclosure of common lands drove families off their farms and into the cities, not only created workers but also a number of people driven to crime by desperation. |
| W | Clippers were sailing ships, sometimes with iron hulls, that dominated the carrying of cargo and passengers between Australia and the rest of the world for most of the 19th century. |
| What were some reasons that led to increased trade between Australia and the rest of the world? | Vessels belonging to many different companies and nations began trading through Australian ports, among them whaling ships from the United States. |
| What did the first Opium War force China to do? | The first Opium War forced Chinese to open up some of their ports to Western trade. |
| How did the Industrial Revolution bring significant changes to Britain's economy and society | With the development of machines and steam power, goods were produced more quickly and cheaply in factories |
| What happened between 1760 and 1815? | Londons population is estimated to have grown from 175 000 people to 1.4 million, making London the largest city in the world at that time. |
| What were the conditions of houses? | Due to the fast construction and limited government regulation concerning building requirements, houses were built very close together and poorly constructed. |
| What did these developed areas become and why? | These developed areas became slums due to overcrowding, disease, excessive consumption of alcohol and malnutrition. |
| How did most people live in the medieval period? | During the medieval period, most people lived in a village under the jurisdiction of the nobility who owned their land and made every decision. |
| Why did crime increase during this period? | With limited accountability and desperate living conditions, crime became a means of survival, resulting in overcrowded prisons. |
| What were major crimes? | The major crime was against property: theft, burglary and highway robbery. |
| Why was keeping prisoners in hulks a bad idea? | The prison hulks were decrepit, and sickness and death were rife. |
| Why was Australia chosen to establish a penal colony in? | The county was chosen as the new penal colony because of its distance from Britain and the opportunities it provided to secure flax and timber, and trade routes with China. |
| How many convicts were sent to Australia? | Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 160 000 people were sent as convicts to Australia. |
| What was a benefit of the Industrial Revolution? | A benefit of the Industrial Revolution was improvements in transportation, with the building of better roads, new railways and faster ships. |
| Why did emigration increase? | Emigration increased as a result of the discovery of gold, sparking a wider movement of people from many different countries. |
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