Teaching, Learning & Development

Teaching, Learning & Development

1. Late August: Considering Developmental Differences

   • Growth Mindset
   • Videos
     • Students & Teachers learn from each other
     • Expect more from students! Set higher standards
     • The Power of YET
       • Encourage failure! Learn from mistakes
   • Instructional Approaches
     • Universal Design for Learning
     • Differentiated Instruction
     • Response to Intervention
   • Developmental Level/Appropriateness
     • Individuals develop at different rates
     • Genetics set developmental potential
     • Environment determines potential realized

2. Early August: Planning for the Upcoming School Year

   • Reflective Practice
     • Open-minded & amenable to change
     • Analyze and reflect on practice
     • Assess in order to improve practice
   • Four Commonplaces of Education
     • Teacher
     • Topic
     • Setting
     • Student
   • Curricular Planning
     • What will be taught
     • When will it be taught
     • Assessment
     • Teaching methods/materials
     • Effective Planning
       • Excellent Instruction
       • Enhanced Student Learning
       • Exemplary Environments
   • Instructional Approaches
     • Teacher-centred approach
     • Student-centred approach

3. Views of Learning

   • Behavioural
     • Learning
       • Result of experience
       • Permanent change in behaviour or knowledge
     • Contiguity
       • Stimulus and Response
     • Classical Conditioning
       • Pavlov's Dilemma
       • Reinforce Positive Behaviour, Discourage Negative Behaviour
         • Classroom Management
     • Social Learning Theory
       • Observational cognitive theory
       • Social cognitive theory
     • Self Management
     • Diversity
       • Different Motivators
       • Variety of Reinforcers
   • Cognitive
     • Piaget's Theory
       • Development is affected by maturation, activity, social transmission and equilibration
     • Info is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind
       • The mind is like a computer
     • Help students use higher order thinking
       • Instruction = structured, sequenced, understandable and meaningful
       • Intelligence: providing the right environment for developmental stage
       • Meta-Cognition
       • Self- Regulation
     • Educators are observers
   • Socio-Constructivism
     • Vygotsky
       • Zone of proximal development
     • Bandura
     • Learning with creating meaning from experience
       • Students come with previous knowledge (misconceptions)
     • Students have an active role in learning
       • Construct knowledge based on own experiences
       • Role playing, debating, cooperative groups, real world activities
       • Collaborative work
         • Scaffolding
     • Educators are facilitators

4. First Week of School: Establishing a Positive Learning Environment

   • Video
     • There is no AVERAGE student
       • Destroys Talent
       • Bored
       • Only see weakness
       • Use technology
         • Low floor - high ceiling
   • Effective Teaching
     • well managed/structured classroom
     • Design classroom curriculum to facilitate student learning
       • Backward Design
     • Use effective instructional strategies
       • Diagnostic assessment
       • Direct instruction
       • Universal Instructional Design
     • Effective use of classroom management

5. Mid-September: Making Instructional Decisions

   • Motivate Students to learn
     • Challenging/meaningful tasks
       • Universal Instructional Design
         • multiple means of representation
         • multiple means of action and expression
         • multiple means of engagement
         • Accessible and effective for all students
     • Effectively able to use learning strategies
     • Teacher support
     • Have to demonstrate knowledge
     • Feel that teacher cares for them
   • Constructivist
     • Learners are active
     • Social negotiation
     • self-determination
       • Student take ownership of learning
     • problem-solving, critical thinking, accept multiple views
     • Real world situations
     • Student-centered learning
       • Students hack-lesson plan video
   • Bloom's Taxonomy
   • Good thinker
     • Effective use of cognitive strategies
     • efficient use of short-term and long-term memory
     • Attained significant metacognitive skills
   • Inquiry Based Learning
     • General to Specific
       • Teacher is the leader
   • Problem-based learning
     • use pro knowledge
       • Teacher is facilitator

6. Late September: Knowing that the Students Know

   • How People Learn
     • Learner Centered
       • Construct knowledge by building upon prior knowledge
       • Diagnostic Teaching
     • Knowledge Centered
       • Teachers help students build bridge from prior knowledge to new topics
       • Constructivism
     • Assessment Centered
       • Concepts behind knowledge
       • Understanding vs. memorization
       • Cognitive
     • Community Centered
       • Respectful learning environment
       • Failure is OK
       • Student centred
       • Critical thinking skills
       • Storytelling
   • Teaching for Understanding
     • Differentiated learning

7. Early February: Socio-Cultural Considerations

   • Stereotypes
     • Incomplete representation of an individual and/or group of people
       • Individualism
       • Collectivism
     • Emphasizes how we are different
   • Cultural Conform
     • Benefit from diversity
       • observing
       • learning
       • adapting
       • Increases
         • Problem-solving
         • Creativity
         • Innovation
     • Need to good communication skills
   • In the Classroom
     • Respectful
     • Use learning centres, multiple libraries, technology, personal stories, action thermometer, think-pair-share
     • Links across cultures
       • Cultural knowledge and instructional base grows and changes

8. Early December: Individual Differences - Intellectual Abilities and Challenges

   • "Be prepared to be wrong"
     • Encourage that failure is OK
       • Increase Creativity
         • Teach children to be creative!
   • Intelligence
     • Diverse
     • Dynamic
     • Distinct
   • Learning for all
     • All students can succeed
     • Each student is unique
       • Personalization & Precision
         • Level of readiness of student/different levels
     • Universal Design and Differentiated Instruction
     • Teachers need support from community to create a learning environment that supports all students.
     • Professional learning
       • Teacher continues to learn

9. End of School Year

   • Tests
     • Achievement test
     • Aptitude test
     • Criterion-referenced test
     • norm-referenced test
     • Standardized test
       • Federal & Provincial/Territorial
       • Not Differentiated
       • Assess effectiveness of instruction
       • Pros
         • Determine aptitude or future ability
         • Assess school district's efficaciousness
       • Cons
         • There are situational/environmental factors
         • Personal/emotional facotrs
         • Grade-spread requirement
     • Tests should enhance teaching & learning, improve curricular design
     • Preparation
       • Convey positive attitude
       • teach test-taking skills
       • Practice time limits