Celiac Disease

Celiac Disease

1. Signs & Symptoms

   • Anemia
   • Bloating
   • Fatigue
   • Diarrhea
   • Flatulence
   • Edema
   • Easy bruising & bleeding

2. Risk factors

   • Family history
   • Autoimmune disorder
   • Genetic disorders
   • Age & Gender
   • Ethnicity

3. Causes

   • Intolerance to gluten
   • HLA-DQ2 & DQ8
     • Increases risk of disease, but not every person who has this gene will necessarily develop it
       • First-degree relatives have a 40% chance, so they have to do genetic testing

4. Pathogenesis & Immunology

5. Complications

   • Lactose intolerance
   • Malnutrition
   • Bone loss
     • Osteoporosis
       • Bone density test
   • Infertility
   • Cancer
   • Psychological
     • Anxiety
     • Depression

6. Investigations

   • Serology
   • IgA TTG
   • Physical examination
     • Protuberant and Tympanic abdomen
     • Weight loss
     • Orthostatic hypotension
     • Ascites
     • Cheilosis and glossitis
     • Dermatitis herpetiformis
     • Ecchymoses
     • Evidence of peripheral neuropathy
     • Chvostek sign
   • Stool exam
   • Hematologic tests
   • Electrolytes
   • Oral tolerance test
   • CT enteroclysis
   • Endoscopy & biopsy

7. Management

   • Gluten-free diet

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