Taxi driver

Taxi driver

1. anatomy of the back

   • muscles
     • superficial
     • intermediate
     • deep
   • vertebral column
     • vertebras
   • joints
     • atlanto-occipital
     • zyagopohyseal
   • vertebral venous plexus
   • ligaments
   • intervertebral disc
     • can undergo several patholgies
       • due to
         • decreased glucose
         • death of proteoglycans
         • changes in PH level
         • change in hydrostatic prssure

2. suffered from lower back pain

   • causes of pain
     • mechanical problems
     • infections
     • tumor
     • determined through investiagtions
       • the severity of pain can be measured through
         • VAS
       • X-rays
       • MRI
       • uncommon
         • EMG
       • then should be managed
         • medications
           • NSAIDS
           • muscle-relaxants
           • sometimes a placebo is given
             • unreal medication
         • physiotherapy
           • electromagnetic
           • thermal
           • mechanical
         • alternative medicine
           • like acupuncture
         • if the cause is due to herniation
           • corrective surgery might be done
       • CT
     • can be due to disc problem
   • radiated to his right thigh, & foot
     • what's the difference between radiating and referred pain?
   • lower limb dermatomes

3. scaitica

   • pain caused by irritation of sciatic nerve
     • common symptoms
       • numbness sensation along nerve
       • tingling sensation

4. Physical examination of back

   • look
   • feel
   • move
   • special tests

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