SECTION ONE: tHE dESIGN pROCESS

SECTION ONE: tHE dESIGN pROCESS

1. Evaluation of product design

   • improve products
     • make more money
       • Continuous Improvement
       • improve design
         • can be made easier
     • as good as possible
       • make money
       • competition
       • meet product quality standards
   • market pull
     • consumer demand
   • technology push
   • political/environmental needs
   • social/cultural needs

2. Design Movements

   • Post-Modernist
     • style is starting
     • kitsch
       • tacky and tasteless
     • extreme minimalist
       • designs without creative features
   • De Stijl
     • Dutch
     • basic
   • Bauhaus
     • form follows function
     • function is starting
   • Art Deco
     • African/Egyptian art
   • Art Nouveau
     • flowing and curvy
     • floral/insect motifs

3. Human Factors in Design

   • specifically designed for disabilities
   • cultural/religious values
     • dietary needs
       • Muslims
         • no pork
       • Jewish
         • kosher
       • Hindus
         • no beef
   • age groups
     • physical limitations
   • ergonomics
     • making products fit the user
       • how easy/comfortable the product is to use
     • designers use 90%
       • one size fits 90%
         • 5 percentile and 95 percentile = cut-off points

4. Research and Specification

   • design brief
     • starting point
   • research
     • ideas
     • check that people want the product
     • find out what target market like/dislike
     • find out what materials/pre-maufactured components/techniques can be used
     • market research
       • questionnaire/interview
       • what target market wants
     • product analysis
       • examine/disassemble product
   • draw conclusions
   • design specifications
     • list of conditions to meet
       • design criteria
         • Aesthetics - how it looks / Cost - price range / Consumer - who will buy it / Environment - world impact / Size - how big it is / Safety - how to make sure it's safe / function - what will it do / materials - what is it made of / quality - required finish / sustainability - its future impact

5. Design Methods and Influences

   • approaches to designing
     • systems approach
       • breaking down design process into stages
         • used in schools
     • empirical problem solving
       • trial and error
     • intuitive design
       • guess
   • inspiration
     • patterns
     • nature
   • colour
   • mood board
     • trigger ideas

6. Practical Design and Modelling

   • circular process
   • detailed sketches help work out finer points
     • helps see sizes, positionings, etc.
   • modelling
     • from cardboard, balsa wood or high-density polystyrene
     • accuracy
     • prototypes

7. Presenting and Protecting Design Ideas

   • trademarks and patents
     • stop idea thieves
   • trademarks
     • distinctive logos/words/slogans
     • if used, user can be sued
   • patents
     • granted when something new has been invented
     • stop others from making/using/selling invention without permission
     • last 20 years
   • copyright
     • design ideas are automatically protected by copyright
     • unless working for someone else, you are copyright owner
     • lasts 70 years
   • registered
     • protects new design's shape & appearance
     • only applies to look
     • lasts 25 years throughout EU
   • presentation
     • clearly and large impact

8. Working Schedules and Quality Control

   • customer satisfaction
     • achieved when product works, is great to use and is good value for money
     • high quality product
   • quality assurance is overall system
     • ISO 9000
     • includes
       • good staff training
       • procedures for checking material quality
       • systems for keeping machinery maintained
     • ensure that products do the job they're meant to do, meet the standards set down by relevant institutes, keep customer happy, and are manufactured consistently
   • quality control means checking componenets
     • testing samples
       • right colour/size
         • when testing size
           • specific tolerance
             • upper and lower limit for measurement (e.g. give or take 0.5mm)
   • manufacturing plan
     • flow charts
       • work order
         • in sequence
     • Gantt charts
       • timings
       • timings