Network Layer

Network Layer

1. Characteristics

   • Protocols
     • ipv4
     • ipv6
   • Encapsulation
     • IP Header
     • DataIP
       • Transport Layer PDU
         • Segment Header
         • Data
   • Characteristics of IP
     • Connectionless
     • Best Effort
     • Media Independent

2. IPv4 Packet

   • Header
     • is used to ensure that this packet is delivered to its next stop on the way to its destination end device.
   • Header Fields
     • Version
     • Differentiated Services or DiffServ (DS)
     • Header Checksum
     • Time to Live (TTL)
     • Protocol
     • Source IPv4 Address
     • Destination IPv4 Address

3. IPv6 Packet

   • Limitations
     • IPv4 address depletion
     • Lack of end-to-end connectivity
     • Increased network complexity
   • Overview
     • Increased address space
     • Improved packet handling
     • Eliminates the need for NAT
   • Packet Header

4. How a Host Routes

   • Host Forwarding Decision
     • Itself
     • Local host
     • Remote host

5. Introduction to Routing

   • Router Packet Forwarding Decision
   • IP Router Routing Table
     • Directly-connected networks
     • Remote networks
     • Default route
   • Static Routing
   • Dynamic Routing