metallurgy

metallurgy

1. history of metallurgy

   • The earliest form of metallurgy was hammering copper.irst used by Old World Neolithic people beginning about the 8th millennium
     • Metallurgy, or the science that deals with procedures used in extracting metals from their ores, purifying and alloying metals
   • The development of metallurgy was a long and, nvolved five basic steps.
     • Mining the ores
     • Smelting the metal
     • Shaping the metal into something useful
     • Locating metals in quantity
     • Identifying and discovering its usefulness.
   • There were three basic ages of metals in the ancient world,
     • Copper Age
       • The use of fire thus makes possible two significant new steps in the development of metallurgy
         • these are
           • casting of metal
             • by pouring it into prepared moulds
           • the smelting of mineral
             • to extract metal
     • Bronze Age
       • Sometimes the ores of copper and tin are found together
         • These two metals, fused as one substance, are found to be more harder than either metal alone. The cast alloy of copper and tin is bronze
     • Iron Age
       • he most abundant in the earth's surface but which is much more difficult to work than copper or tin
         • ith a melting point too high for primitive furnaces to extract it in pure form from its ore.

2. mineral processing

   • is the study of the processes used in the separation and concentration of raw materials

3. metallurgical engineering

   • A.M. Gaudin has defined Mineral Processing as
     • processing of raw minerals to yield marketable products as waste by means of physical or mechanical methods in such a way that the physical and chemical identity of the minerals are not destroyed

4. Extractive metallurgy

   • is the study of the processes used in the separation and concentration of raw materials.
     • Extractive metallurgists are interested in three primary streams
       • feeding
       • tailings
       • concentrated