SPACE & VOLUME | PROCEDURES & TECHNIQUES

SPACE & VOLUME | PROCEDURES & TECHNIQUES

1. PROXIMITY AND DISTANCE IN FLAT FORMS

   • Different sizes
     • Bigger figures at the bottom
     • Smaller figures further away
   • Superimposition or overlaping
     • The figures on the top
       • Infront & closer to the viewer

2. TRANSPARENCY

   • Variant of superimposition
   • The figures behind are seen in veiled way

3. CONTRAST

   • Fainter colors in the background
     • Blue, green, purple
   • Contrasting and bright colour closer
     • Red, yellow, orange

4. DEFINITION OF FORMS

   • As far as they are, they will be less defined

5. CHIAROSCURO

   • Technique to define figures
   • Perceive relief
   • Bright light
     • Clean shadow outlines
   • Diffuse light
     • messy outlines

6. SHADOWS AND LIGHTS

   • LIGHTS
     • natural
     • artificial
     • directed
     • reflected
   • SHADOWS
     • Tones- distribute shadows in drawings
     • TYPES
       • Form shadows - when a object receives light
       • Cast shadow- horizontal, vertical or sloped plane
     • Value- indicates position in the greyscale
       • Highlight
       • Shadow
         • Don't receive light
       • Reflection
         • Shadowed parts with indirected light
       • Middle tone

7. DRAWING TECHNIQUES

   • PENCIL
     • Most used instrument
     • With graphite or lead
       • Lead has different hardness levels
         • Soft- Letter B
         • Hard - letter H
           • used for drawing & outline definition
   • CHARCOAL
     • Used for intense strokes, stripes, and smudges
     • Depending on the use
       • Tipped
       • Sloped
       • Flat
     • Small bar of vegetable coal
     • Charcoal composition requires sketching first
       • After that you can do smudges and lines
         • Set with touches

8. COLOUR AND PAITING TECHNIQUES

   • Coloured pencils are like the graphite one but with a coloured lead
     • Need to use a resistant paper
     • Famous artist : Toulusse Lautrec
     • Don't press hard while using it
     • Good for creating textures & mixtures
   • Pastels & wax crayons
     • Dried paintings glued to a similar liquid like charcoal
     • How to paint
       • Sketch the pattern
       • Define the figures and outliners
       • Draw elements with suitable colours
       • Identify the most intense shadow zone
         • Used as a reference for light & color gradation
   • ENGRAVING
     • stamp obtaines from printing a mould
     • specific parts can hold ink
     • Defines the represented shapes
     • Print engraving use line created with chiaroscuro
       • TYPES
         • Relief printing
           • Linocutting & wood engraving
         • Hole printing
           • Ink spread over the grooves with drypoint
         • Planographic printing
           • Litography
         • Screen printing
           • Permanent Stamping
   • COLLAGE
     • Pieces of material glued in a surface
     • Most used : fabric carton, paper, plastic
     • Artists combine it with drawings
     • You need a paper to glue the different materials

9. CREATIVE PROCESS

   • Phases that define how we apply our creativity
     • FOUR PHASES
       • 1- Preparation : establishing a creative objective
         • 2- Coversion of information into ideas : finding alternatives to do the objective
           • 3- Evaluation : Chose the best ideas
             • 4- Production : practical application of the idea
   • SKETCHES
     • Defines shape & proportions
     • express and idea that reproduce the image of the author
     • Builds the drawing
     • They're unfinished
       • The observer could see what is missing

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