types of instruments

types of instruments

1. test

   • measure proficiency
     • provide info of gerneral abilities
     • problems with language
     • previous achievements

2. observation

   • self-observation
     • done in form of a diary study when recording their feeling thoughts in their process of learning a language
   • behavior observation
     • making a checklist to investigate particular verbal behaviors and actions
   • Inventory
     • a recording of physical objects an account of for objects on a checklist of what is expected to be present

3. Interviews

   • Individual interviews
     • gathering personal responses and views privately
   • Group interviews
     • info given is no confidential

4. Meetings

   • Delphi technique
     • to first obtain and opinion and then convers and discuss difference
       • useful to achieve an agreement on an overall philosophy
   • Advisory meeting
     • early stages of NA to inform staff of what NA is and its purpose
   • Interest group
     • differences that arise in a program and resolve them through compromise.
   • Review meetings
     • analyzing info from other programs, facilitate any types of need analysis decision making
       • . What info to include, how to deal with conflicting info, what to ignore, what importance to give to each info

5. Questionnaires

   • biodata surveys
     • elicit facts about the back ground of each of the participants
       • age , place of birth, sex, marital status, number of years of language study
   • . Opinion surveys
     • complex due to being made for uncovering opinions and attitudes
       • , what they think about existing program, its objectives, materials, test etc. self-ratings individuals rate their own abilities, interest levels, motivations used to obtain practical insights on the self-image of each individual
   • Judgmental rating
     • give their evaluation of various aspects of program, judge effectiveness of program material of how useful and or interesting they are.
   • Qsort
     • ask individual to give their own attitudes, views and opinions but also rank them in terms of importance.