Mind map

The Universe

MIRYAM . Spanish

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The Universe

Galaxies
- Sometimes collide voilently
- Move through space
- The nucleus emits strong radiation
- There is more than 100 billion galaxies
- Types:
  - Oval galaxies
  - Spiral galaxies
  - Irregular galaxies
The Milky way
- Spiral galaxy
- Convex lens shape
- Magellic clouds around it
- It has 150.000 light year diameter
- Contains between 200 and 400 stars
- In the halo contains gas
  - Few stars formed there
- Formed by four spiral arms
  - Contains most gas
Black holes
- Strong radiation
- High density material concentration
- Big gravitational field
- Light and speed can not scape from it
- Absorbs everything around it
- Formed when a massive star run out of fuel
  - Explosion called Supernova
Nebulae
- Interestellar clouds
- Made up of gases
- Where stars born and die
Stars
- Spherical bodeis that generate energy
- Thermonuclear fusion reaction take place
- Temperature is very high.
- Chemical elements are created here
  - Hidrogen
The Solar System
- Characteristics
  - Formed about 4.600million years ago
  - Contains the sun, 8 planets, their moons and 3 dwarf planets
  - Contains also asteroids and meteorites
  - Located in the orion arm of the Milky Way
  - Complete a rotation every 225 million years
- The sun
  - Yellow star That give light and heat
  - Contains 99% of mass of the solar system
  - It is about 5000 million years
  - There are nuclear reactions that produce energy
  - In the photosphere sunspots are formed
  - Crate big flames called solar protuberances
- Planets
  - Eight planets
    - Rocky planets
      - Characteristics:
        Occupy the inner orbit
        Small compared to the rest
        Rocky surface, metallic core, hove no atmosphere
        Few satellites
      - Planets
        Mercury
        Smallest planet
        Lack of satellites and atmosphere
        Surface covered with craters of meteorite impacts
        Venus
        Volcanically active
        Opposite rotation
        Carbon dioxide atmosphere
        Earth
        3/4 surface covered by water
        Thin layer of gases in the atmosphere
        Liquid water and human existence
        Has one satellite
        Mars
        Has two small satellites
        Carbon dioxide atmosphere
        sings of water erosion on its surface
        Contain the Mount Olimpus
        Largest Volcano in Solar System
    - Gaseous planets
      - Characteristics:
        Occupy the outer orbits
        Enormus size
        Consist mainly of gases
        Grate number of satellites
      - Planets
        Jupiter
        Largest planet
        Purely gaseous planet(H, HE)
        Has 63 satellites
        Has a big anticyclone called Red Spot
        Saturn
        Second largest planet
        Has rings formed by rock and dust
        Has 60 satellites
        Uranus
        Axis rotation is almost 90º
        Coldest planet
        Has 27 satellites
        Ring system
        Blue-green coloured
        Neptune
        The farthes planet to the sun
        4 faint rings
        Rocky core
        Has 8 satellites
        H, He, CH4 and steam water atmosphere
  - Celestial branches that orbit around the sun
  - Opaque objects
    - Don´t emit light
  - Rotate around the sun with elliptical orbits
Satellites
- Pluto
  - Very small
  - Comet capture by the sun that rotates around it
  - Its orbit crosses with Neptunes one
  - One satellite called Charon
- The moon
  - Large compared to other satellites
  - Lack of atmosphere
  - Moves away from Earth
    - 3,8 cm per year
  - It has two regrons
    - Dark side
    - Light side
  - Have large amount of craters
  - Formed by fragments of cataclysmic collision
Minor bodies
- Asteroids
  - Orbit independently aound sun
  - Small rock fragment
  - Smaller than satellites
  - Have irregular shapes
- Comets
  - Highly eccentric orbit
  - Formed by ice,dust, methaneand ammonic in low temperatures
  - In high temperatures the components melt and evaporate leaving a trail dust
- Meteorites
  - Fragments of asteroids and comets.
  - Revalue around sun
  - We see them as shooting stars
  - They desintegrate and create an impac crater