Mind map

Approaches & Methods in ESL

Keri Hobbs ESL Masters English

Map content

Approaches
- Communicative
  - Student Centered
    - Emphasis on communication
      - Seldom content-based
  - Use of L1 for explanations
  - Scaffolded Instruction
- Grammatical
  - Teacher-Centered
    - Emphasis on rules & structure of target language
      - Focus on total immersion of L2
        No use of L1 allowed in class
- Cognitive
  - Learner-centered
  - Focuses on explicit teaching of learning strategies
    - CALLA
      - Developmentally App. Lang. Inst.
      - Focus on CALP in L1 & L2
      - Focus on prior knowledge
      - Cooperative Learning
Methods
- Sheltered
  - Hands-On Activities
    - Uses interactive/application activities & manipulatives
      - Targets multiple learning styles
  - Cooperative Learning
    - Students work collaboratively
      - Helps Reduce Language Barrier
      - Reduces Affective Filter
  - Guarded Vocab.
    - Teacher consciously controls his/her lang.
      - Slows rate of speech
        Makes Instruction comprehensible
  - Visuals
    - photos, media, computers, drawings, charts, tables, diagrams
      - Visual links to key concepts
      - Assists Comprehension
- ICB
  - Based on students' academic & linguistic needs
  - Emphasizes Communication
    - L2 development is a goal
    - Increases social interaction
  - Cultivates SWRL
  - Builds on background knowledge
- CALLA
  - Enrich lang. for academic communication
  - Applicable at all target lang. levels
  - Emphasizes Learning strategies
    - Cognitive
    - metacognitive
    - social/affective