Mind map

DATA AND SIGNAL

Annis Barakah English

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DATA AND SIGNAL

·
- Analog data
  - continuous
- Analog Signal
  - have an infinite number of values in a range
  - periodic
    - simple
      - sine wave
        parameters
        Peak amplitude
        Frequency
        Phase
        Sine Wave Plot
        Time-domain plot
        Frequency-domain plot
  - composite
    - simple sine wave with different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases
    - Bandwidth ------> Range of frequency
·
- Digital data
  - discrete states
- Digital Signal
  - Only limited number of value
  - can have more than two level
  - Signal Level (bps)
  - Transmission
    - Baseband Transmission
      - Sending a digital signal over a channel without changing the digital signal to an analog signal
      - Requires a low-pass channel ---> a channel with a bandwidth that starts from zero
    - Broadband Transmission
      - Changing the digital signal to an analog signal
      - Requires bandpass channel ---> a channel with a bandwidth that does not start from zero
    - Transmission Impairment
      - Attenuation
        loss of energy
        use amplifier
      - Distortion
        Signal changes its form or shape
      - Noise
        unwanted eletrical or electromagnet energy that degrades the quality of data and signals
        Thermal Noise
        random motion of electron
        Induced Noise
        from source such as motors
        Impulse Noise
        spike that come from power line
        Crosstalk
        effects of one wire on other wire
        Signal-to-noise Ratio
Signal
- Periodic
  - completes a pattern within a measurable time frame (period)
  - repeats pattern over subsequent identical periods
- Nonperiodic
  - signal changes without exhibiting a pattern or cycle repeat over time
Data Limit
- Data Rate Limit
  - factors
    - The bandwidth avaible
    - The level of the signal
    - The quality of the channel (the level of noise)
  - Theoretical formulas
    - Nquist formula
    - Shannon formula
Perfomance
- Transmission Time
- Queing Time
- Propagation Time
- Latency(delay)