D 1) Pharmaceutical products

D 1) Pharmaceutical products

1. Effects on the body

   • alters the physiological state (consciousness, activity level or coordination)
   • alters incoming sensory sensations •
   • alters mood or emotions

2. Medicine or drug

   • any chemical that does one or more of the following to the human body, for better or worse

3. Stages in the development of a drug

   • 1. Identify disease
     • 2. Identify a molecular target
       • 3. Identify ‘lead’ molecule that can act on gene/enzyme in the disease organism
         • 4. Preclinical trials: testing of ‘lead molecule’ in laboratory (in vitro/In Vivo)
           • 5. Clinical trials (Testing of its effectiveness)
             • 6. Submission of reports to international or national regulatory bodies
               • 7. Monitoring of the drug

4. Methods of administering drugs

   • •Oral
   • Parenteral
     • intravenouso, intramuscular & subcutaneous
   • •Inhalation
   • Rectal
   • Skin patches

5. Terms

   • Dosing regime = the amount of drug used for each
   • The therapeutic window is the range in amount or concentration over which a drug can be safely administered to a typical population
   • Tolerance refers to the body’s reduced response to a drug
   • Side-effects are physiological effects which are not intended and therefore undesired (intended = therapeutic effects)
   • The placebo effect occurs when a person experiences a positive therapeutic effect because they believe they have been given a medicine although the substance given is not a medicine

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