Cultural Competence

Cultural Competence

1. Self awareness and have knowledge of one's own culture

   • Assessment can vary depending on one's cultural or racial background

2. Demographics

   • Immigrants
     • Minimal understanding of health care resources

3. Determinants of Health

   • Personal, Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors
   • Healthy People 2020: designed to eliminate health disparities
     • Strive for social and physical environments that promote quality of life from preventable illness, disability, and premature death

4. Vulnerable Populations

   • LGBTQ
   • Asian
   • Hispanic
   • White
   • Specific populations are vulnerable to specific illness

5. Language Barriers in Health Care due to English requirements

6. 4 Basic Cultures of Characteristics

   • Learned from birth through the process of language
     • Shared by all members of the same cultural group
       • Adapted to specific conditions related to environmental and technical factors and to the availability of natural resources
         • Dynamic and ever changing

7. Race: self identification by people according to race or races in which they closely identify with

   • Ethnicity refers to a social group that may possess shared traits such as common geographic origin, migratory status, religion, language, values, traditions, symbols, and food preferences
     • Acculturation: process of social and psychological exchanges that take place when there are ongoing encounters between individual, or different cultures, with subsequent changes in either or both groups
       • Acculturative stress: the losses and changes that occur when adjusting to or integrating a new system of beliefs, routines, and social roles.

8. Religion: organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially belief in a divine or superhuman power to be obeyed and worshiped as the creator, and ruler of the universe

9. Spirituality: borne out of each person's unique life experience and his or her personal effort to find purpose and meaning in life

10. Healing and Culture

11. Beliefs about cause of illness

    • Biomedical: all events in life have a cause and effect, the human body functions more or less mechanically, that all life can be divided into smaller parts, and that all of reality can be observed or measured
      • Naturalistic/Holistic: Human life is only one aspect of nature and a part of the general order of the cosmos
        • Magicoreligious: the world is an arena in which supernatural forces dominate

12. Traditional Treatment and Folks Healers

    • Catholic Priests
      • Hispanic Curaderno

13. Developmental Competence: own meaning of coping through illness through self-care, assistance from family members, and support from social groups

14. Individual perceptions of pain

15. Cultural Formation Model

    • Cultural identity of the the individual
      • Cultural explanation of the individual's illness
        • Cultural factors related to psychosocial environment and levels of functioning
          • Cultural Elements of the relationship between the individual and the clinicians

16. Heritage Assessment