Non inversion

Non inversion

1. Runoff

   • Crop residues prevent
     • Increase surface stability
   • GOOD
     • Silty clay loam
       • reduces run off by 48%
       • reduces sediment loss by 68%
       • Holland 2004

2. 46% of arable has conversation tillage

   • Jones et al 2006
     • 5 years old!!

3. Soil Erosion

   • GOOD
     • reduces soil erosion
       • Morris 2010
         • KEY REF!

4. Disease Risk

   • GOOD
     • Take-all
       • reduces % infection
         • SAC
     • Eyespot
       • on trash
         • affects in spring
           • does not survive on surface over winter
   • BAD
     • Fusarium
       • soil fungus attacks stem base
     • Ergot
       • fungus remains on surface
     • Foliar
       • survive on volunteers remaining
     • Phoma (OSR)
       • Survives on trash
         • increases level of inoculum

5. Pests

   • Slugs
     • BAD
       • A poor ploughed seedbed can be just as bad
   • BYDV aphids
     • GOOD
       • cannot differentiate between soil and crop in autumn hence reduces summer infection
         • A straw cover can also lower infection
         • Kennedy et al 2010

6. Weeds

   • Grass weeds
     • BAD
   • Broad leaf weeds
     • GOOD
   • Froud-Williams et al 1983

7. Biodiversity

   • GOOD
     • Increases OM
       • Increases invertebrates
         • Beneficial effect on farmland birds