Mind map

An unimmunized child

mariam abdelaal English

Map content

demography
- Hamad (5yrs old)
  - son of Nora & Ali
    - believe in alternative medicine
microorganisms
- cannot affect host
  - but might cause harm when immune system declines
    - "opportunistic pathogens"
  - normal flora
- can affect host
  - can cause disease
    - through contact with host
      - depends on
        source of infection
        mode of transmission
        direct contact
        ingestion
        inhalation
        inoculation
        mother to child
        portal of entry
        skin
        human
        presence of host
    - degree of pathogenicity is called virulence
      - infect host through
        attachment
        invasion
        colonisation & growth
        adaptation
    - how?
      - release toxins
        bacterial product that harms tissues
        types
    - example
      - Diphtheria
      - M. Pneumonia
      - H. Influenza
      - Bordetella Pertussis
        causes: WHOOPING COUGH
        contagious bacterial disease
        spread through droplets
        Symptoms
        early
        runny nose
        mild fever
        apnea
        late
        exhaustion
        vomiting
        fits of high-pitch cough
        Treatment & prevention
        DOC: Erythromycin/ Azithromycin
        DPT vaccine
        contains
        pertussis toxin
        filamentous hemagglutin
        Pertactin
        if not, complications arise
        diagnosis
        PCR
        specimen of nasopharyngeal aspirate
        lab culture
    - To defend body
      - Immune response occurs
        antibodies are produced
        types
        functions
        glycoprotein produced by B-cells that binds with antigens
        structure
        1. Variable region
        form antigen-binding site
        2. constant region
        how antibody class will carry its role
        determine type of Antibody formed
        how to acquire immunity?
        naturally
        active
        infection
        passive
        mother's antibodies to fetus
        artificially
        active
        vaccines
        product that produces immunity
        cause immune system to produce memory cells
        help lessen secondary response to disease
        routes of administration
        Vaccination schedule
        types
        live attenuated
        toxoid
        inactivated
        side effects
        headache
        fatigue
        fever
        nausea
        mild rash
        contraindication
        mild or severe illness
        immuno-suppressed
        anaphylactic shock history to a type of vaccine
        pregnant/nursing women
        Passive
        injections of immune serum
        herd
        sufficient population is immune to disease
        who needs it?
        newborns
        immunocompromised
        elderly
        disadvantages
        doesn't provide 100% protection
        people will depend on it
        might lead to decline in vaccination
        which might cause an OUTBREAK
Innate Vs. Adaptive immunity