Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic Fever

1. Pathogenesis

   • • Location
       • Throat
       • Skin
     • Spread
       • Respiratory droplets
       • Direct contact

2. Epidemiology

   • Locally
   • Globally
   • Risk factors
     • Family history
     • Type of strep bacteria
     • Environmental factors

3. Diagnosis

   • investigations
     • CXR
     • ECHO
     • Lab
       • ESR
       • CRP
       • ASO titer
       • Throat culture
       • Blood culture
     • ECG

4. Prevention

   • Tertiary
     • Reduce symptoms
       • surgery
       • medications
   • Secondary
     • Preventing recurrent ARF
   • Primary
     • Early diagnosis of strep throat
     • Treatment with antibiotics
   • Primordial
     • Improved housing
     • Reduce overcrowding

5. Complications

   • Mitral regurgitation
     • Causes
       • RF
       • Damaged cords
       • Heart attack
       • Valve prolapse
       • Cardiomyopathy
       • Trauma
     • Complications
       • Thrombi
       • Endocarditis
       • Pericarditis
       • CHF
     • Hemodynamic changes
   • Heart failure
   • Death
   • Atrial fibrillation
   • Stroke
   • Mitral Stenosis
     • Causes
       • Rheumatic fever
       • Congenital
       • Calcium deposits
     • Symptoms
       • Shortness of breath
       • Orthopnea
       • Fatigue
       • Mitral facies
       • Palpitations
       • Hemoptysis
     • Diagnosis
       • Physical exam
       • ECHO
     • Complications
       • HF
       • Arrythmia
       • Systemic embolism
       • Pulmonary hypertension
       • Pulmonary edema
     • Management
       • Valve replacement
       • Valve replair
         • Heart surgery
         • Balloon valvotomy
       • Diuretics, B-blockers, Digoxin, Ca++ channel blockers
     • Prevention
       • Strep throat antibiotics
   • Heart muscle damage
     • Heart
       • Surface anatomy
       • Sounds
       • Valves
         • Auscultation positions
         • Anatomical positions
       • Internal feautures
   • Aortic stenosis

6. Signs & Symptoms

   • Fever
   • Chest pain
   • Migratory Arthiritis
   • Carditis
     • Myocarditis
     • Endocarditis
       • Complications
       • Diagnosis
     • Pericarditis
   • Subcutaneous nodules
   • Heart murmur
     • Systolic
     • Diastolic
     • Continuous
   • Sore throat
   • Erythema Marginatum
   • Sydnham chorea
   • Shortness of breath
   • Fatigue

7. Management

   • Lifestyle changes
     • Prophylaxis
     • Bed rest
     • Avoid stress
       • Avoid smoking
       • Excercise
       • Manage weight
       • Anti-failure drugs
         • ACE-I
         • B-Blockers
         • Diuretics
     • Inform doctors, dentists, teachers, and caregivers.
   • Medications
     • Anti-inflammatory therapy
       • NSAIDs
     • Antibiotic therapy
       • Penicillin G

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