acute abdomen

acute abdomen

1. Rapid onset of severe symptoms within 24 h

2. acute pancreatitis

   • sudden inflammation of the pancreas that may be mild or life threatening but usually subsides
   • anatomy of pancreas
     • location
       • epigastrium, LUQ
     • parts
     • blood supply
     • veinous drainage
     • soft, lobulated elongated gland
   • physiology of pancreas
     • exocrine
       • Stimulated by chyme in the upper part of the small intestine
         • secretes pancreatic enzymes
           • like protease, lipase and amylase
     • endocrine
       • Islets of Langerhans
       • Secretion of hormones directly into the blood
         • secrete insulin
     • phasesof pancreatic secretion
       • Cephalic phase
       • Gastric Phase
       • Intestinal Phase
   • epidemiology
     • 4.9 to 35 per 100,000 population
   • causes
     • Alcoholism
     • Gallstones
     • Abdominal surgery
     • Certain medications
     • Cigarette smoking
     • Cystic fibrosis
     • Infection
   • pathogenesis
   • sings and symptoms
     • Fever
     • Nausea, vomiting
     • Sever, knife like midepigastric pain
     • Radiates to the back
     • Cullen sign
     • Grey- turner sign
   • Investigations
     • ERCP
     • blood tests
     • pancreatic enzymes
     • stool tests
     • transabdominal ultrasound
   • Management
     • Fluid resuscitation.
     • NG tube is inserted to empty the stomach
     • Parenteral alimentation
     • Pain management
     • surgery
   • complications
     • Pancreatic necrosis
     • Pancreatic abscess
     • hemorrhage

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