Period 1 Mindmap

Chapter 6: Technological and Environmental Transformations to c. 600 B.C.E

1. Paleolithic

   • foraging societies
     • small groups of people who traveled from point to point
   • pastoral societies
     • domestication of animals, continually search for new grazing areas

2. Neolithic (Revolution) (8000 - 3000 B.C.E)

   • food surpluses
     • specialized labor
       • organized economies
       • governmental structures
         • civilization
       • religious organizations
   • impacts on the environment
   • metallurgy
     • (Bronze Age)

3. Early Civilizations

   • Mesopotamia
     • Sumer
       • cuneiform
       • polytheistic
         • each city state had one god that was worshipped only by its people
     • Babylon
       • The Code of Hammurabi
         • credited as significant step toward modern legal codes
     • Hittites
       • used iron
     • Assyrians
       • Persian Empire
   • Ancient Egypt
     • united under King Menes
     • hieroglyphics
     • polytheistic, afterlife
     • women
       • Queen Hatshepsut
       • could buy, sell, inherit, and will
   • Indus Valley Civilization
     • geography
       • protected by huge mountains
       • Khyber Pass
     • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
       • strong central government
       • 100,000+ people
     • Aryans
       • migrating nomadic tribes
       • beliefs formed basis for Hinduism
       • caste system
   • China
     • Shang Dynasty
       • Yellow River
       • ethnocentrism
       • patriarchal structure
     • Zhou Dynasty
       • Mandate of Heaven
       • empire became too big, developed bureaucracies
   • West Africa
     • Bantu migrations
       • spurred by climactic changes (Sahara Desert)
       • Jenne-Jeno
         • collection of individual communities
   • Mesoamerica and Andean South America
     • Olmec
       • present-day Mexico
     • Chavin
       • Andes, South America

4. Women CCOT

   • more rights in Paleolithic cultures
     • gathering food
     • socialization of their children
   • Neolithic
     • lawgivers, counselors, storytellers, healers, shamans, and magicians