Lit Review

Lit Review

1. Negatives and Benefits of FTL

   • Done

2. Learner Autonomy

   • Take charge of own learning
   • Need to be trained
   • Illes - should not be points that pedagogic knowledge is needed for
   • Needs planning and self-regulation (lamb)
     • Control of cognitive processes
   • Not all learners condustive to autonomy
     • Motivation
     • Learner identity
       • Teacher identity
   • Mao and Gui - look at different theories
   • Attrubute of a learner
   • Morgan - difference between learner autonomy and self-directed instruction - which is FTL
   • Sense of self
   • Attributes defined by different writers
   • Not learning without a teacher
   • Changes in different situations

3. Features of an effective Learner

   • Willingness to learn
   • Students not confident with being autonomous but know what it means
   • Motivaiton
     • Intrinsic - good
     • Extrinsic - bad
     • Autonomous motivation - by self
     • Pre-requiste for learning
   • Ratelle - not autonomous profile is high school
   • Autonomy = acacdemic persistance
   • Boredom and anxiety stop learning
   • Mega et al. - three facets, self regulation, emotion and motivation

4. How can teachers promote autonomy?

   • Customise learning based on students understanding of own learning
   • Student's responsible for setting goals, learning objectives, selecting resources and assessing progress
     • Done by self access facilities, learners part of pedagogic decisions such as topics and materials
     • Some of this is the teachers role and should not be given up (illes)
       • Lamb - this undermines learner autonomy
   • Make students do work without being shown how
   • Lamb - learning environment engages them
   • Constrained by exams
     • Mao and Gui - prescribed, process syllabus is better
   • Change pedagogy - FTL?
   • Negotiation
   • Morgan - knowledge age yet to come to the classroom
   • Need to guide students
     • Control over arrangements that they are allowed to control
   • Masouleh and Jooneghani - diaries, evaluations, online learning
     • White - ICT not important - links to FTL
   • Fumin and Li - use modern technology