Chapter 3: Network protocols and communications

Chapter 3: Network protocols and communications

1. Communication rules

   • The rules
     • Communication Basics
       • Human communication
         • Message
         • Signal
       • Computer communication
         • Message
         • Signal
     • Message Encoding
       • Message
       • Signal
     • Rule setting
       • An identified sender and receiver
       • Common language and grammar
       • Speed and delivery time
       • Confirmation requirements or acknowledgment of receipt
     • Message format and encapsulation
       • A recipient identifier
       • A greeting
       • The content of the message
       • A closing phrase
       • An identifier of the issuer
     • Message size
       • Another communication rule is size. When people communicate, the messages they send are usually divided into smaller fragments or sentences.
     • Message Synchronization
       • Access method
         • Determine when someone can send a message.
       • Flow control
         • Synchronization also affects the amount of information that can be sent and the speed with which it can be delivered.
       • Timeout for response
         • If a person asks a question and does not hear an answer before an acceptable time, the person assumes there will be no answer and reacts accordingly.
     • Message delivery options
       • unicast
         • The message has only one recipient.
       • Multicast
         • It is the sending of the same message to a group of destination hosts simultaneously.
       • Transmission
         • The message is for everyone.

2. Network protocols and standards

   • Protocols
     • Rules governing communications
       • Content layer
       • Rules layer
       • Physical layer
     • Network protocols
       • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
       • The transmission control protocol (TCP)
       • Internet protocol (IP)
     • Protocol Interaction
       • Application
         • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
       • Transport
         • The transmission control protocol (TCP)
       • Internet
         • Internet protocol (IP
       • Network access
         • Ethernet
   • Protocol suite
     • Protocol suites and industry standards
       • It is an open standard, which means that these protocols are available to the public free of charge, and any provider can implement these protocols in their hardware or software.
     • TCP / IP Development
       • The first packet switching network, the current Internet predecessor, was the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), which originated in 1969 when connecting central PCs in four locations
     • TCP / IP protocol set
       • DNS
       • BOOTP
       • DHCP
       • SMTP
       • POP
       • IMAP
     • TCP / IP communication process
       • Web server
       • User data
       • TCP segment
       • IP packet
       • Ethernet frame
       • Web client
   • Standardization Organizations
     • Open standards
       • IEEE
       • IANA
       • IETF
       • ICANN
       • ITU
       • TIA
     • Internet standards
       • Internet Society (ISOC)
       • Internet Architecture Council (IAB)
       • Internet Engineering Working Group (IEFT)
       • Internet Research Working Group (IRTF)
       • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN
       • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
     • Communications and electronic standardization organizations
       • Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
       • Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
       • Association of Telecommunications Industries (TIA)
       • Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T)
   • Reference models
     • Benefits of using a layered model
       • Protocol model
       • Reference model
     • The OSI reference model
       • Describe the interaction of each layer with the layers directly above and below it.
     • The TCP / IP protocol model
       • It defines four categories of functions that must occur in order for communications to be carried out correctly.
     • Comparison between the OSI model and the TCP / IP model

3. Data transfer in the network

   • Data encapsulation
     • Message Segmentation
       • segmentation
       • Multiplexing
     • Protocol data units
       • PDU
     • Encapsulation example
       • The TCP segment is considered as data in the IP packet.
     • Decapsulation
       • Process used by receiving devices to remove one or more of the protocol headers.
   • Data access
     • Network addresses
     • Data Link Addresses
       • Source data link address
       • Source data link address
     • Devices on the same network
       • IP Source/IP Destination
       • MAC/Source MAC/Destination
     • Devices in a remote network
       • Source IP address
       • Destination IP address
       • Source MAC address
       • Destination MAC address