Java Language Fundamentals

Java Language Fundamentals

1. ASCII

   • 256 characters that represent alphanumeric and other characters
   • Each character is represented by 8 bits however does not include Latin, Chinese, or Korean characters

2. Unicode

   • A character set that attempts to include all characters
   • Each character is represented by 32 bits and includes over 65,000 characters in various languages
   • Character encoding
     • Makes it more efficient to transmit Unicode text
     • UTF-8
     • UTF-16
     • UTF-32

3. Separators

   • () Parentheses
   • {} Braces
   • [] Brackets
   • <> Angle Brackets
   • ; Semicolon
   • : Colon
   • , Comma
   • . Period

4. Variables

   • Data Types
     • Primitive
       • byte (8 bits)
       • short(16 bits)
       • int(64 bits)
       • long(64 bits)
       • float(decimal 32 bit)
       • double(decimal 64 bits)
       • char(unicode character)
       • boolean
     • Reference
   • Names
     • Should be short, yet meaningful
     • Mixed case ex. numberOfLikes
   • Constants: (cannot be changed) ex. final int SEAT_COUNT = 250;
   • Literals
     • Integer
       • Assign values to variables of types: byte, short, int, and long
     • Floating-point
       • Assign values to variables of types float and decimal
     • Character
       • Unicode character or escape sequence enclosed in single quotes. Escape sequences usually have special functions.
     • Boolean
       • Assign values to variables of the type boolean represented by true/false