Shoulder injury

Shoulder injury

1. Anatomy of the shoulder

   • bones and surfaces
   • muscles
     • -Serratus anterior -Upper trapezius -Middle trapezius -Lower trapezius -Rhomboideus major and minor -Pectoralis minor -Levator scapulae -Pectoralis major -Latissimus dorsi
     • -Deltoid -"Rotator cuff" (supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis) -Teres major -Coracobrachialis -Biceps brachii (long head) -Triceps brachii (long head)
   • movements at the shoulder joint
     • 1-Flexion. 2-Extension. 3-Adduction. 4-Abduction. 5-Medial Rotation. 6-Lateral Rotation. 7-Horizontal abduction. 8-Horizontal abduction.

2. Causes of Shoulder Pain

   • *Avascular necrosis *Brachial plexus injury *Broken arm *Broken collarbone *Bursitis *Dislocated shoulder *Frozen shoulder *Osteoarthritis *Polymyalgia *rheumatica *Rheumatoid arthritis
   • *Rotator cuff injury *Separated shoulder *Septic arthritis *Impingement *Sprains and strains *Tendinitis *Tendon rupture *Thoracic outlet syndrome *Torn cartilage

3. Types of sport injuries

   • Acute injuries
     • Signs of acute injuries:
       • 1.Sudden, severe ,pain 2.Swelling 3.Inability to place weight on a lower limb 4.Extreme tenderness in an upper limb 5.Inability to move a joint through its full range of motion 6.Extreme limb weakness 7.Visible dislocation or break of a bone
     • types
       • Contact injuries
         • Contusion
         • Laceration
       • Ligament Sprains
         • Grades of severity Mild (Grade I) Moderate (Grade II) Severe (Grade II)
       • Muscles Strains
       • Dislocations/ sublaxation
       • Fractures
       • Nerve injuries
   • Chronic injuries
     • Signs of Chronic injuries
       • *Pain when performing an activity *A dull ache when at rest Swelling.
     • Types
       • Overuse tendon injuries
       • Chronic muscle strains
       • Bursitis
       • Osteoarthritis
       • Stress fractures

4. Causes

   • overuse
   • impingement
   • Unbalanced strength and flexibility development of the muscles
   • incorrect techniques

5. rotator cuff

   • muscles & their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder
   • Muscles comprising
     • Supraspinatus
     • Infraspinatus
     • Teres Minor
     • Subscapularis
   • Injurys
     • Chronic tear
     • Acute tear
     • Tendinitis
   • Risk Factors
     • Overuse.
     • Shoulder arthritis.
     • Older age.
   • Signs and Symptoms
     • Pain
     • Weakness and tenderness
     • Difficulty moving the shoulder
     • Snapping or crackling sounds
   • Complications
     • permanent stiffness or weakness
     • degeneration of the shoulder joint
     • frozen shoulder
   • Investigations
     • Physical examination
       • *Look “inspection”. *Feel “palpation”. *ROM *Special tests
     • X-ray
     • MRI
     • Arthrogram
     • Arthroscopy
   • Treatment
     • Nonsurgical treatment
       • Medicines.
         • corticosteroid
         • acetaminophen
         • NSAIDs
       • Physical therapy.
       • R.I.C.E
     • Surgery

6. Sports injury management

   • Talk
   • Observe
   • Touch
   • Active movement
   • Passive movement
   • Skill test
   • Treatment
     • REST
     • ICE
     • COMPRESSION
     • ELEVATION
     • REFERRAL

7. Physiotherapy

   • Sports injury
   • Back pain
   • Arthritis
   • Hip replacement
   • Joint replacement

8. Alternative Treatment

   • Aculaser Therapy
   • Laser Therapy
   • Ultrasound
   • TENS
   • Combination Therapy
   • Massage

9. Psychological effects of injuries to athletics

   • Feeling of isolation
   • Frustration
   • Anger and anxiety
   • tension
   • depression
   • fear of re injury

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