Unit 2 topic 2 geography

Unit 2 topic 2 geography

1. Abu Dhabi

   • 30,000 hectares of land in Sudan for agriculture seeing as Abu Dhabi is a desert with limited water
     • The land was given to them free of charge in exchange for tech experties
   • good idea?
     • Yes because it give the country a food supply
     • They have good connections with Sudan
     • With food prices increasing and might have shortages they have enough food when it becomes hard to come by

2. Education

   • 240 litre bins for food and drink cans
     • For recycling
       • Empty each week
   • Advise on reusing materials
     • Keeping a cardboard box next to printers
       • To be used as recycling boxes
   • free compost bins for fruit and veg peelings
     • And a garden waste collection

3. Thomas Malthus

   • 1798 he wrote an essay about population
   • He said natural checks would decrease the population
   • He believed that humans job was to keep the population low
     • It would get to a manageable level before rising again
   • He believed that population grew exponentially (1,2,4,8,16 ect)
   • He believed the population would decrease from starvation

4. Ester Boserup

   • People shouldn't give in to disease and famine
   • worked in the united nations
   • She dint like natural checks
     • So she argued that food production doesn't limit or control the population
       • She claimed that growth controls farming methods
   • She used the term 'agricultural intensification' to explain how how farmers can get more food from the same field increasing their yield

5. Black gold

   • Peak gold
     • When oil production reaches it maximum
     • When it is reached oil prices will increase and become difficult to extract
   • The future
     • Renewable resources
     • Solar, wind
     • Huge increase in oil prices
     • Difficult to extract
     • Leads to wars over oil
     • Agreements made to secure oil from other countries
   • Reserves
     • Soon there will be less oil to extract with could cause wars
   • Oil consumption
     • In 1900, was 1 million barrels day of oil made
     • 2011 is 87 million barrels a day of oil
     • America consumes 25% of the worlds oil
     • Predictions of 2030 is 116 million barrels a day
       • But industry say its impossible to produce 100 million a day

6. Hydrogen Economy

   • Advantages
     • Easy to split the water to hydrogen and oxygen
     • Can be done anywhere
     • Harmless to the environment
   • Disadvantages
     • Splitting takes a lot of electricity
   • End of crisis
     • Renewable so won't rely on fossil fuels and countries can be indipendant
   • Involves
     • Taking hydrogen and using it to make electrisity
   • What is it
     • Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe
     • Using hydrogen to power cells and create electrisity
       • Creates completely clean energy

7. Conservation

   • Reducing domestic energy consumption
   • UK government affered large subsides for installing private and commercial wind turbines and solar panels
   • House holds with PV panels get paid for every kwh of energy put on the national grid
   • Energy companies could get grants for building turbines
   • 100% of grants
     • Available to low income houses
       • Or who live in an area with high fuel poverty
   • Loans - repaid instalments that are added to the house hold
     • These loans pay for house improvements
     • They are added to the electrical bill over a 7 year period

8. Recycling

   • To make six 1 litre plastic bottles require 1 kg of oil
   • Uk house holds are now recycling more than ever
     • In 2011 the percentage grew from 11% to 40%
       • Still means an average person disposes 263kg of waste a year
         • Half goes to land fill
   • UK made 7 million tonnes of waste in 2007 which could have been used to create new power
   • Government provide 80% of local authoring funds so its target aren't met, petunias can be taken
   • The amount of oil used in a bottle is enough to run a car for a year
   • Governments are giving authorities targets to reach
     • To increase the amount of recycling from energy 52% in wales plantIn 2012-13 to 70% in 2024-25

9. Solar power

   • Used to create electrical power
   • Be used to heat and cool living and work areas
   • Solar power generators increased by 85% in 2011
   • Solar power is growing quicker than any other renewable energy
   • By 2035 renewable energy will be accounting for a third of the worlds energy
   • Germany and Italy have the greatest increase
   • Reasons for increase of renewable energy resources
     • Low costs
     • Rising prices of fossil fuels
     • Government subsiding to renewable resources
   • Collected by using (PV) plants grouped in panels