Advanced passsive

Advanced passsive

1. it + passive (present or past) + that

   • It was believed by many people until the 10th century that tomatoes were poisonous

2. Alternatively we use a passive with an inifintive

   • subject + passive + to do / to have done
     • Tomatoes weere believed to be poisonous

3. We can use an impersonal construction with there + passive + to do / to have done

   • There are estimated to be 100,000 people at the festival

4. If the sentence refers to a present belief about a past event we use the present simple passive + perfect infinitive

   • The thief is believed to have escaped to Germany

5. We can use passive with present and past forms of modal verbs

   • Phones should be switched off during the play

6. Verbs that are followed by an infinitive or gerund can also be followed by an infinitive or gerund can also be followed by a passive infinitive or gerun

   • Everyone likes to be praised