semantics

semantics

1. definitions

   • Hurford & Heasley (1983)
     • Semantics is the study of meaning in language
   • Saeed (1997)
     • semantics is the study of meaning communicated through language
   • Löbner (2002)
     • Semantics is the part of linguistics that is concerned with meaning
   • Frawley (1992)
     • Linguistic semantics is the study of literal, decontextualized, grammatical meaning
   • Kreidler (1998
     • Linguistic semantics is the study of how languages organize and express meanings
   • Lyons (1977)
     • Semantics is the study of meaning

2. history of semantic

   • semantic studies can be traced back to the first studies of language by man.
     • Since the very first moments in which man started to investigate the phenomenon of
       • Aristotle’s first ruminations on language (IV c. BC) or Pāņini’s grammar (IV c BC?),
   • The attempt to find the correspondence between parts of the linguistic code and parts of meaning can be considered the goal of any linguistic theory in general.
   • The most succesful theory of the XXth century
     • Chomsky an Generativism
       • Chomsky argued that the human Brain, contains a limited set of constraints for organizing language. This implie in turn that all languages have a common structural basis: the set of rules known as universal grammar.
         • Formal Semantics
           • Is concerned with a very limited set of statements that can be truth about the truth can be determinated
             • Formal semantics is the natural choice for people working in rule based on natural language proccesing
     • syntax
       • For the syntax we assume that sentences have a hierachical constituent structure that groups words and subconstituents into constituents.
         • Cognitive Semantics
           • It tries to root meaning in human experience of the world which it finds in human cognition.

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