Applied Linguistics

Applied Linguistics

1. started as a discipline at 1950

2. By Beatríz Adriana Pacheco Ramírez

   • Second Language Acquisition. (2010). IEXPRO anthology Mexico: Chiapas

3. it was listed as real science

   • at the beginning of this century

4. Ferdinand de Saussure

   • He was the founder of modern linguistics
   • the father of the structuralist approach to linguistics.
   • proposed that linguists should concern themselves with the state of a language
   • the conference
     • he proposed, distinction
       • Tongue
         • as a system
       • Parole
         • as individual expressions
       • basic concepts in the structure list paradigm
         • Linguistic
         • sign
         • structure
         • Level
         • Component

5. Language

   • a number of linguistic signs
   • these possess a value
     • or a linguistic identity
   • is the result of an association
     • of a concept (meaning)
     • an acoustic image (significant).
   • SIGN

6. Structure

   • is at the heart of Structuralism
     • The relationship existing between several elements
       • the most important of a structure is the relationship that exists between them

7. Level

   • used by the American
   • Leonard Bloomfield
     • language is formed by
       • a series of levels
         • equivalent to a group of hierarchical subsystems
   • Structuralism
     • first years
       • three main levels were distinguished:
         • the phonetical
         • the morphological
         • the syntactic.
         • Some years later
           • the semantic
           • the morphological and syntactic were grouped
             • known as morphosyntactic.
     • The notion of component used by both the American and the European
       • Structuralists defined themselves as descriptivists
         • The approach seeks to modify and even change the linguistic behaviour of speakers
           • by a series of rules and norms what is right and what is wrong.

8. Component

   • it is used to characterise the phonetic and semantic levels of the language.

9. Generatlvism

   • reaction against the structuralist approach
   • its origin was thanks to the work of Noam Chomsky
     • Theories
       • a)idealisation, intuition and introspection
         • Chomsky said attention must be paid to the introspective evidence and to the native speaker's intuition
       • b)The importance of rules
         • a language should generate well-formed utterances
       • e)Explanation as to the main objective of the linguistic study
         • it be able to explain them.
       • d)The existence of linguistic universals
         • there exists a series of linguistic universals
       • e)The creative nature of language use
         • Language use is characterised by being creative.
       • f)The notions of deep, surface structure and transformation
         • it must provide explanations of the speaker's ability
       • g)Competence versus performance
         • This differentiation is very closely connected with Saussure's distinction between tongue and parole described above.
   • is characterised by being in constant revision

10. Pragmatics

    • Generativism was particularly concerned with the grammar of an ideal speaker
    • This discipline focuses on the relationships existing between the linguistic sign and the users of the language within a particular context.
    • Its objective is to analyze the use of language using specific models and tools with a multidisciplinary methodology.