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SUBSTRUCTURE
- Basements
- Types of
waterproofing
system
- Tanking
- Integral
- Drained
- Influenced by number of factors
- Nature of site
- Access limitations?
- Water table
- proximity of existing structures
- Access limitations?
- Building form
- Depth of basement
- Intended function eg car park
- Depth of basement
- Legal issues
- Rights of adjacent building owners
- Health and sadety
- Rights of adjacent building owners
- Nature of site
- Tanking
- Types of construction
- Top down
- Attempts to make use of
permanent elements of
construction works to
provide rigidity and bracing
against loadings from ground
- Removes need for
temporary support
structures
- Speedy and
economical solution to
formation of deep
basements
- Possible to commence
formation of
superstructure
simultaneously with
basement construction
- Attempts to make use of
permanent elements of
construction works to
provide rigidity and bracing
against loadings from ground
- Bottom up
- Conventional method
- Substructure and
superstructure
constructed
sequentially
- Bottom of
substructure /
lowest level of
basement to top
of the
superstructure
- Bottom of
substructure /
lowest level of
basement to top
of the
superstructure
- Not feasible for gigantic projects
with limited construction time
and / or site constraints
- Conventional method
- Top down
- Construction approaches
- Open excavations
- Excavation with temporary support
- Excavation with permanent
retaining walls formed prior to
main excavation
- Contiguous piles
- Secant piles
- Diaphragm walls
- Contiguous piles
- Open excavations
- Types of
waterproofing
system
- Foundations
- Types
- Piled
- Strip
- Pad
- Raft
- Piled
- Soil types
- Rock
- Gravel and sands
- Silts and clays
- Rock
- Functions
- Safely transmit building loads to supporting strata,
spreading them over a sufficient area to ensure that
safe load bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded
- Safely transmit building loads to supporting strata,
spreading them over a sufficient area to ensure that
safe load bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded
- Selection criteria
- Ground conditions
- Bearing capacity of ground
- Depth of good strata
- Ground level and gradients
- Bearing capacity of ground
- Loads from building
- Ground conditions
- Types
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