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Introduction to translation
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Introduction to translation
Translation definition
- 1. It is the text has been translated
- 2. The act of producing the translation otherwise known as translating
- The process of translating have two different kinds
- Source language
- What we want to translated
- - Recurso "SL" -
- Target language
- - Meta "TL" -
- It is the objective to translation
- Source language
- The process of translating have two different kinds
- 2. The act of producing the translation otherwise known as translating
- This type correspond to interlingual translation and it is one of the three categories described by "ROMAN JACKOBSON" in "On linguistic aspects of translation"
- Intralingual "rewording"
- Redaction or interpretation of verbal sings by means of other signs of the SAME LANGUAGE
- Interlingual "Translation proper"
- Intepretation of verbal signs by means of some OTHER LANGUAGE
- Intersemiotic "Transmitation"
- Interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sing systems.
- Intralingual "rewording"
- 1. It is the text has been translated
The process of translating
- This is the a translation perceived as a problem solving process with the using of source like a SL or TL
- Skills needed in translation
- 1. The person only need "reasonable knowledge" of a foreign language and "few good dictionaries". Because the translating is an "intuitive process" based in "creative capabilities"
- 2. Some person who believe that only the specialist like lawyers or scientis can translated in their own parts
- 3. But we consider that if the specialist do the traductions. They couldn't fail to make a distintion between factual knowledge and procedual knowledge
- Distinguish factual knowledge and procedural knowledge
- Factual knowledge
- Is the knowledge of "special fields or terminology"
- Procedual knowledge
- It to refers to "some kind of method or procedure" to help the translator in seeing the meaning of the ST and re-expressing that meaning in the TT
- Direct
- It's possible with parallel categories. It are used when structural and conceptual elements of SL that can be traspased into TL; with this techniques into of it:
- Borrowing
- A word which is taken from a language without translating it
- Example: Coffe, software...
- A word which is taken from a language without translating it
- Calque
- It's a phrase borrowed from another language
- It's a class of loan where syntax is taken from source language and translated literally
- Example: White house = "Casa blanca"
- It's a class of loan where syntax is taken from source language and translated literally
- It's a phrase borrowed from another language
- Literal
- Translating word by word from SL to TL, respecting the collocations of TL
- It depends if the meaning doesn't change or depends of the language
- The grammar could change just a little
- Example: No es complicado de entender = It isn't complicated to understand
- It depends if the meaning doesn't change or depends of the language
- Translating word by word from SL to TL, respecting the collocations of TL
- Borrowing
- It's possible with parallel categories. It are used when structural and conceptual elements of SL that can be traspased into TL; with this techniques into of it:
- Literal
- Oblique
- Is when the direct translation wouldn't work because they're structurally id impossible
- Also it's using for paraphasing and use the following technique into it:
- Transposition
- Modulation
- Reformulation
- Adaptation
- Compensation
- Also it's using for paraphasing and use the following technique into it:
- Is when the direct translation wouldn't work because they're structurally id impossible
- The translator need the two types of knowledge because just one isn't enough
- Factual knowledge
- Distinguish factual knowledge and procedural knowledge
- 3. But we consider that if the specialist do the traductions. They couldn't fail to make a distintion between factual knowledge and procedual knowledge
- 2. Some person who believe that only the specialist like lawyers or scientis can translated in their own parts
- 1. The person only need "reasonable knowledge" of a foreign language and "few good dictionaries". Because the translating is an "intuitive process" based in "creative capabilities"
- Skills needed in translation
- This is the a translation perceived as a problem solving process with the using of source like a SL or TL
Translation vs. Interpretation
- Translators
- They have a attributes like a :
- Very good knowledge of the language SL (written or spoken)
- Excellent power of target language
- Familiarity with the subject matter
- Understanding of the ethymological and idiomatic knowledge of TL and SL
- The competent translator is bilingual and bicultural because has a connotations and cultural references (Mario Pei, ----)
- They have a attributes like a :
- Interpreting
- It is a facilitation of oral or sign-language
- Communication simultaneously between two or many speakers in different languages
- It is a facilitation of oral or sign-language
- The role of translator "skills"
- In relation to a text has been compared to that an artist, musician or actor. Who interpretes a work of art.
- Translators
Types of translation and interpretation
- General Translation or interpretation
- It isn't require any specialized vocabulary or konowledge
- Specialized translation or interpretation
- Refers to domains which require at the very least that the person be extremely wett read in the domain
- There are types of specialized translation and interpretation
- Financial
- Legal
- Literary
- - Just translation - Isn't possible interpretation
- Medicale
- Scientific
- Theoretical
- There are types of specialized translation and interpretation
- Refers to domains which require at the very least that the person be extremely wett read in the domain
- Ever o better is trainning in the field (Collage degree)
- Types of translation
- Machine translation
- Know as automatic translation, without human intervention, using software or online translation
- Machine assisted
- It is done with a machine translator and human working together
- Screen translation
- Generally it's translation of the movies and television programs, including subtittling and dudding
- Sight translation
- It is a document in the SL is explained orally in the TL (such as a memo)
- Localization
- Adaptation of any product to another language, culture
- Machine translation
- Types of interpretation
- Simultaneous "simul"
- Ther interpreter listening to a speech ans simultaneously interprets
- Consecutive "consec"
- The interpreter takes notes while listening to a speech, then does his or her interpretation during pauses
- Simultaneous "simul"
- General Translation or interpretation
Translation process
- Comprenhension stage
- Where the translator decodes the sense of SL into an activity called SEMASIOLOGY
- The translator establish minimum units with sense
- Where the translator decodes the sense of SL into an activity called SEMASIOLOGY
- Expression stage
- Where the translator recodes the sense of the text in the TL in an activity called ONOMASIOLOGY
- The translator must respect the sense of the text in the SL without making the TL sounding strange
- Where the translator recodes the sense of the text in the TL in an activity called ONOMASIOLOGY
- Comprenhension stage
Translation level techniques
- Morphosintactic level
- Borrowing - Loan
- Calque
- Literal translation
- Transposition
- Modulation
- Equivalence
- Adaptation
- Semantic level
- Expansion
- Reduction
- Compensation
- Morphosintactic level