Countries and migration

Countries and migration

1. 2. The case of Ecuador

   • In 2007, Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit, as a destination country. Because of the fact that different countries have had, lack of employment and armed conflicts, making the decision for foreign citizens to decide to leave their countries and see Ecuador as an opportunity to find better days.
     • In 2017, about 1 608 000 foreigners entered Ecuador, making Ecuador more successful, in economic and tourism partners. Ecuador has also been a country of origin since 1999 with the departure of more than 950 000 people having as destinations Spain and Italy, and its main reason was the economic crisis of that time.

2. 1. Countries of origin, transit and destination

   • In migration, there is an important classification of countries: countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins, transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination, that is, where they temporarily focus to follow their migration.
     • Countries of origin present intense departure of people. It is known that 48 countries with a 1,5 million population show an average of 18,4% of emigrants. Most of these countries of origin are less developed countries.

3. 4. Human rights and migration

   • Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect them from abuses of power. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is law for all countries, there are several articles related to mobility.
     • The Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families contains a group of rights regardless of immigration status, that is, whether the person is in a regular or irregular situation.

4. 3. Migration policies

   • The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere; the second has to do with state security.
     • In this globalized era, the criterion of selectivity prevails. Governments, especially in developed countries, set requirements that facilitate entry for some people and severely restrict others.

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