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Tonsilitis

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Tonsilitis

EPIDEMIOLOGY
- viral
- bacterial- Streptoccocus pyogenes (most common)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- bacteria/virus
  - access the body through the mouth/nose
    - infiltrate the tonsils ( first line of defense against infection)
      - production of WBC to fight infection (act as scavenger)
        inflammatory cytokines (phospholipase A2)
TREATMENT
- severe cases - antibiotics /tonsillectomy
- conservative management (mild cases ) - increase water intake, increase rest,
  - gargle with warm water/salt
  - humidifier to moisten the air
    - pain medication - acetaminophen/ibuprofen
RISK FACTORS
- poor environment
- age-common in children
- low socioeconomic factor
- overcrowding
DIAGNOSIS
- throat culture
- physical examination
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- sore throat
- chills
- difficulty swallowing
- fever
- earaches
- headaches
- jaw/neck tenderness
- tonsils appear red/swollen
- enlarged tonsils
- tonsils have white or yellow spots