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2.2 - Replicating Cells
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2.2 - Replicating Cells
Making More DNA
- Single & multicellular organisms must copy DNA in order to reproduce
- Each cell contains exact copies of chromosomes in the zygote. Zygote = egg fertilised by sperm
- Single & multicellular organisms must copy DNA in order to reproduce
Replication
- 1 step of DNA replication is )-- the strands of double helix split from each other & base is exposed
- 2 step nucleotides pair up with exposed bases following complementary basing rule, sugar & phosphate molecules bond with nucleotides & new strand of DNA is formed
- result - step 3, 2 identical DNA molecules (each double helix) identical to parent DNA
- 2 step nucleotides pair up with exposed bases following complementary basing rule, sugar & phosphate molecules bond with nucleotides & new strand of DNA is formed
- Replication occurs on both sides of DNA strands. Result is Chromatids
- 1 step of DNA replication is )-- the strands of double helix split from each other & base is exposed
Cell Division
- Cells divide when organisms grow.
- Mitosis
- Produces two daughter cells (identical to parent cell)
- Cell begins to divide, DNA coils up & separates chromosomes become visible. Each Chromosome has 2 chromatids
- Membrane breaks down, Chromosomes line up across equator of cell & network of fibres appear, extending from the poles.
- Chromatids separate and become 2 independent chromosomes . Network of fibres contracts, pulling chromosome to opposite poles.
- New nuclear membrane encloses the chromosomes at each pole. Uncoils & no longer visible as individual strands
- Division of nucleus is complete- cytoplasm divides and result is two identical daughter cells.
- New nuclear membrane encloses the chromosomes at each pole. Uncoils & no longer visible as individual strands
- Chromatids separate and become 2 independent chromosomes . Network of fibres contracts, pulling chromosome to opposite poles.
- Membrane breaks down, Chromosomes line up across equator of cell & network of fibres appear, extending from the poles.
- Cell begins to divide, DNA coils up & separates chromosomes become visible. Each Chromosome has 2 chromatids
- Reasons for cell replication
- 1) growth , 2) wound & tissue repair, 3) asexual reproduction, 4) research, 5) tissue regeneration
- Produces two daughter cells (identical to parent cell)
- Mitosis
- Cells divide when organisms grow.
Diploid & Haploid
- Number of chromosomes in your body - Diploid number, described as 2n means two sets
- One copy of chromosome - Haploid number, known as n
- Number of chromosomes in your body - Diploid number, described as 2n means two sets
Asexual reproduction
- Unicellular organisms with a nucleus reproduce by mitosis. Ex-- yeast and protists (Amoeba & Euglena)
- Plants & Animals sometimes reproduce asexually )-- Means offsprings are produced without union of gametes. But produced by mitosis of a particular cell. grasses is an example.
- Grasses reproduce by budding when conditions are favourable. Cells on the side of the body multiply by mitosis and new hydra forms
- Plants & Animals sometimes reproduce asexually )-- Means offsprings are produced without union of gametes. But produced by mitosis of a particular cell. grasses is an example.
- Unicellular organisms with a nucleus reproduce by mitosis. Ex-- yeast and protists (Amoeba & Euglena)
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- Mind Map on 2.2 - Replicating Cells, created by Rokaya Al Shaibani on 29/01/2022.
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- Rokaya Al Shaibani
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