INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PROKARYOTES

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PROKARYOTES

1. PLASMA MEMBRANE

   • Structure :
     • Phospholipid bilayer
   • Functions:
     • Acts as selective permeable barrier
     • Assists in DNA replication
     • Carries on respiration
     • Captures energy as ATP
     • Synthesizes cell wall component
   • The movement of materials across membrane
     • Passive process
       • Simple diffusion
       • Facilitated diffusion
     • Active process

2. CYTOPLASM

   • 80% of water
   • Contains protein, carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic ion and many low molecular weight compound
   • Major structures in the prokaryotic is ribosome, DNA and inclusions.

3. NUCLEAR AREA

   • Bacteria chromosome ( double stranded DNA )
   • Bacteria contains small,circular of double stranded DNA molecules called plasmid

4. RIBOSOMES

   • As the sites of proteins synthesis
   • 70s ribosomes
   • Two subunits:
     • Small subunits:30s
     • Large subunits:50S
     • Each subunits consists of proteins and RNA

5. ENDOSPORES

   • Cannot be destroyed easily
   • Form internal to the bacteria cell membrane
   • Contains essential macromolecules
   • Spores are impermeable to dyes
     • BUT can stain with special dye ( Malachite Green)
   • Small acids soluble protein

6. INCLUSIONS

   • Reserve deposits
   • Serves as basic identification
   • Types:
     • Metachromatic Granules
       • Polysaccharide Granules
         • Lipid Inclusions
           • Sulfur Inclusions
             • Carboxysomes
               • Magnetosomes
                 • Gas Vacoules

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