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General Physics Final

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Chapter 14
- Thermodynamics
  - 0th law
    - Ta=Tb=Tc
  - focuses on energy
    - conservation of energy
    - transfer of energy
- Temperature & Heat
  - based on hotness or coldness
  - thermal equilibrium
    - Ta=Tb=Tc
    - heat flow
  - heat energy
    - flows between two systems
    - Joule
      - J
    - Calorie
      - 1 cal=4.186J
      - =1000 calories
  - 3 scales
    - fahrenheit
      - freeze at 32
      - boil at 212
      - Tf=9/5tc+32
    - Kelvin
      - freeze at 273.15
      - boil at 373.14
      - Tk=Tc+273.15
      - absolute 0 at 0
    - Celsius
      - freeze at 0
      - boil at 100
- Phases of Matter
  - Solid
    - atoms held in place by forces from next atom
  - Liquid
    - atoms able to move about
  - Gas
    - density lower than liquid
  - Internal Energy U
    - phase change
      - phase diagram
      - melting
      - freezing
      - evaporation
      - sublimation
    - heat capacity = q/delta(t)
    - specific heat = c=Q/mdelta(T)
      - latent heat of fusion
      - latent heat of vaporization
Chapter 15
- Gasses and Kinetic Theory
  - Gas Laws
    - Ideal Gas Law
      - dilute gass
      - Pv=nRT
        R=8.31J/mole*K
        n=number of moles present
      - Kb=Boltzmanns Constant
        1.38e-23J/K
    - Avogadros Law
      - V proportional to N
    - Boyles Law
      - P proportional to 1/v
        for constant temp
    - Charles law
      - V proportional to T
        for constant pressure
    - Gay-Lussacs Law
      - P proportional to T
        for constant volume
  - Kinetic Theory
    - 3/2KbT
    - Molecular Speeds
    - v=sqrt((3KbT/M))
- Avogadros Number
  - Na=6.023e23
    - Pure number
  - Number of particles in a mole
- atomic mass
  - M=M/Na
Chapter 16
- Thermodynamics
  - Quantities Used to describe systems
    - Pressure
    - Volume
    - Temperature
- Four Laws
  - Zeroth Law
    - Based on idea of thermal equilibrium
      - If ta=tb and tb=tc then ta=tc
  - First Law
    - U=3/2KbT or 3/2nRT
    - Thermal Reservoir
    - Work
      - W=Padeltax=PdeltaV
    - Thermodynamic Processes
      - Isobaric
        Constant Pressure
        W=PdeltaV=P(V1-V2)
      - IsoThermal
        Constant Temperature
        W=nRTln(Vf/Vi)
        Expansion
        Compression
      - Adibiatic
        Heat Q=0
        P proportional to 1/Vf
      - Isochoric
        Constant volume
        W=PdeltaV=0
  - 2nd law
    - Heat cannot flow from cold to hot
      - Heat Engine
        Qh=W
        Carnot Engine
        Reversible Heat Engine
        Qc must be low
        Qc/Qh=Tc/Tn
        e=1-Tc/th
Exam 1
- Chapter 2
  - Inertia
  - Newtons Laws of Motion
  - Motion
  - Velocity
- Chapter 3
  - Normal Forces
  - Friction
  - Velocity Vs Time
- Chapter 4
  - Projectile Motion
  - Friction
    - Kinetic
    - Static
  - Newtons Laws
    - First Law
    - 2nd law
      - F=ma
    - 3rd law
Exam 2
- Chapter 8
  - Torque
  - Equilibrium
  - Rotational Inertia
- Chapter 6
  - Energy
  - Conservation of Energy
  - Work
    - Joule Unit
    - Can be + or -
    - 1d motion
      - w=fdeltax
    - scalar
- Chapter 5
  - Gravitation
  - Circular Motion
    - Period of Motion
      - t=2pi(r)/V
    - acceleration not constant
    - centripital acceleration
      - center seeking
      - magnitude
        ac=v^2/r
- Chapter 7
  - Center of Mass
  - Impulse
  - collisions
  - momentum
    - p=mv
    - kgm/s
Exam 3
- Chapter 10
  - Buoyancy
    - Archimedes Principle
      - applies to objects immersed in fluids
        floating
        fully immersed
      - apparent weight
      - buoyant force
        Fb=p(rho)*g*V
  - Pressure and Density
    - Patm=1.01x10^5 Pa
    - Pascal Unit
      - 1pa=1N/m^2
    - density
      - p(rho)=m/v
      - kg/m^3 unit
    - force perpendicular to area
    - a=area
    - p=f/a
      - f=pa
      - f=magnitude
  - Pascals Principle
    - hydraulic lift
    - Fl=Fr*(Al/Ar)
  - Effects of Gravity
    - specific gravity
      - determines if object will sink or float
      - ration of the density of a substance to the density of water
  - Continuity Equation
    - VLAL=VrAr
    - Flow rate=Q=vA
      - m^3/s unit
    - Bernoulli's Equation
      - gravitational potential energy
      - P1+1/2pv1^2+pgh1=P2+1/2pv2^2+phg2
- Chapter 12
  - Waves
    - crest
      - maximum positive y displacement
    - trough
      - maximum negative y displacement
    - f=1/T
    - wavelength
    - y=Asin(spift-(2pix/wavelength))
      - A is amplitude
    - speed of wave
      - v=deltax/deltaT=wavelength/T=f*wavelength
- Chapter 11
  - Hookes Law
    - Fspring=-kx
      - k=spring constant
      - x=amount of spring stretch
        equilibrium is x=0
    - F/a=Y(deltaL/L0)
    - stress=f/a
    - strain=deltaL/L0
  - Spring mass oscillator
    - Simple pendulum
      - mgsin(theta)
      - f=1/2pi*sqrtg/l)
      - 1/2mv^2max=KEmax=Pemax=1/2kA^2
    - Period T
      - T=1/F
    - Seconds (s)
    - Frequency F
      - Hertz Hz
      - F=1/T
  - Harmonic Motion
    - y=Asin(2pift)
    - y component=Asintheta=AsinometaT
    - x component=Acostheta=AcosomegaT
    - theta=2pi=omegaT
    - T=2pi/omega and f=omega/2pi
      - omega(w) also called angular frequency
  - Youngs modulus
    - Shear modulus
      - F/A=S(deltaX/L0)
    - Bulk Modulus
      - deltaP=-B(deltaV/V0)

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